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arduino-0018-windows
2010-03-30 21:53:44 +02:00
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<h2 class="chapter">2 BFD Front End</h2>
<h3 class="section">2.1 <code>typedef bfd</code></h3>
<p>A BFD has type <code>bfd</code>; objects of this type are the
cornerstone of any application using BFD. Using BFD
consists of making references though the BFD and to data in the BFD.
<p>Here is the structure that defines the type <code>bfd</code>. It
contains the major data about the file and pointers
to the rest of the data.
<pre class="example">
struct bfd
{
/* A unique identifier of the BFD */
unsigned int id;
/* The filename the application opened the BFD with. */
const char *filename;
/* A pointer to the target jump table. */
const struct bfd_target *xvec;
/* The IOSTREAM, and corresponding IO vector that provide access
to the file backing the BFD. */
void *iostream;
const struct bfd_iovec *iovec;
/* The caching routines use these to maintain a
least-recently-used list of BFDs. */
struct bfd *lru_prev, *lru_next;
/* When a file is closed by the caching routines, BFD retains
state information on the file here... */
ufile_ptr where;
/* File modified time, if mtime_set is TRUE. */
long mtime;
/* Reserved for an unimplemented file locking extension. */
int ifd;
/* The format which belongs to the BFD. (object, core, etc.) */
bfd_format format;
/* The direction with which the BFD was opened. */
enum bfd_direction
{
no_direction = 0,
read_direction = 1,
write_direction = 2,
both_direction = 3
}
direction;
/* Format_specific flags. */
flagword flags;
/* Values that may appear in the flags field of a BFD. These also
appear in the object_flags field of the bfd_target structure, where
they indicate the set of flags used by that backend (not all flags
are meaningful for all object file formats) (FIXME: at the moment,
the object_flags values have mostly just been copied from backend
to another, and are not necessarily correct). */
#define BFD_NO_FLAGS 0x00
/* BFD contains relocation entries. */
#define HAS_RELOC 0x01
/* BFD is directly executable. */
#define EXEC_P 0x02
/* BFD has line number information (basically used for F_LNNO in a
COFF header). */
#define HAS_LINENO 0x04
/* BFD has debugging information. */
#define HAS_DEBUG 0x08
/* BFD has symbols. */
#define HAS_SYMS 0x10
/* BFD has local symbols (basically used for F_LSYMS in a COFF
header). */
#define HAS_LOCALS 0x20
/* BFD is a dynamic object. */
#define DYNAMIC 0x40
/* Text section is write protected (if D_PAGED is not set, this is
like an a.out NMAGIC file) (the linker sets this by default, but
clears it for -r or -N). */
#define WP_TEXT 0x80
/* BFD is dynamically paged (this is like an a.out ZMAGIC file) (the
linker sets this by default, but clears it for -r or -n or -N). */
#define D_PAGED 0x100
/* BFD is relaxable (this means that bfd_relax_section may be able to
do something) (sometimes bfd_relax_section can do something even if
this is not set). */
#define BFD_IS_RELAXABLE 0x200
/* This may be set before writing out a BFD to request using a
traditional format. For example, this is used to request that when
writing out an a.out object the symbols not be hashed to eliminate
duplicates. */
#define BFD_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT 0x400
/* This flag indicates that the BFD contents are actually cached
in memory. If this is set, iostream points to a bfd_in_memory
struct. */
#define BFD_IN_MEMORY 0x800
/* The sections in this BFD specify a memory page. */
#define HAS_LOAD_PAGE 0x1000
/* This BFD has been created by the linker and doesn't correspond
to any input file. */
#define BFD_LINKER_CREATED 0x2000
/* Currently my_archive is tested before adding origin to
anything. I believe that this can become always an add of
origin, with origin set to 0 for non archive files. */
ufile_ptr origin;
/* The origin in the archive of the proxy entry. This will
normally be the same as origin, except for thin archives,
when it will contain the current offset of the proxy in the
thin archive rather than the offset of the bfd in its actual
container. */
ufile_ptr proxy_origin;
/* A hash table for section names. */
struct bfd_hash_table section_htab;
/* Pointer to linked list of sections. */
struct bfd_section *sections;
/* The last section on the section list. */
struct bfd_section *section_last;
/* The number of sections. */
unsigned int section_count;
/* Stuff only useful for object files:
The start address. */
bfd_vma start_address;
/* Used for input and output. */
unsigned int symcount;
/* Symbol table for output BFD (with symcount entries).
Also used by the linker to cache input BFD symbols. */
struct bfd_symbol **outsymbols;
/* Used for slurped dynamic symbol tables. */
unsigned int dynsymcount;
/* Pointer to structure which contains architecture information. */
const struct bfd_arch_info *arch_info;
/* Stuff only useful for archives. */
void *arelt_data;
struct bfd *my_archive; /* The containing archive BFD. */
struct bfd *archive_next; /* The next BFD in the archive. */
struct bfd *archive_head; /* The first BFD in the archive. */
struct bfd *nested_archives; /* List of nested archive in a flattened
thin archive. */
/* A chain of BFD structures involved in a link. */
struct bfd *link_next;
/* A field used by _bfd_generic_link_add_archive_symbols. This will
be used only for archive elements. */
int archive_pass;
/* Used by the back end to hold private data. */
union
{
struct aout_data_struct *aout_data;
struct artdata *aout_ar_data;
struct _oasys_data *oasys_obj_data;
struct _oasys_ar_data *oasys_ar_data;
struct coff_tdata *coff_obj_data;
struct pe_tdata *pe_obj_data;
struct xcoff_tdata *xcoff_obj_data;
struct ecoff_tdata *ecoff_obj_data;
struct ieee_data_struct *ieee_data;
struct ieee_ar_data_struct *ieee_ar_data;
struct srec_data_struct *srec_data;
struct ihex_data_struct *ihex_data;
struct tekhex_data_struct *tekhex_data;
struct elf_obj_tdata *elf_obj_data;
struct nlm_obj_tdata *nlm_obj_data;
struct bout_data_struct *bout_data;
struct mmo_data_struct *mmo_data;
struct sun_core_struct *sun_core_data;
struct sco5_core_struct *sco5_core_data;
struct trad_core_struct *trad_core_data;
struct som_data_struct *som_data;
struct hpux_core_struct *hpux_core_data;
struct hppabsd_core_struct *hppabsd_core_data;
struct sgi_core_struct *sgi_core_data;
struct lynx_core_struct *lynx_core_data;
struct osf_core_struct *osf_core_data;
struct cisco_core_struct *cisco_core_data;
struct versados_data_struct *versados_data;
struct netbsd_core_struct *netbsd_core_data;
struct mach_o_data_struct *mach_o_data;
struct mach_o_fat_data_struct *mach_o_fat_data;
struct bfd_pef_data_struct *pef_data;
struct bfd_pef_xlib_data_struct *pef_xlib_data;
struct bfd_sym_data_struct *sym_data;
void *any;
}
tdata;
/* Used by the application to hold private data. */
void *usrdata;
/* Where all the allocated stuff under this BFD goes. This is a
struct objalloc *, but we use void * to avoid requiring the inclusion
of objalloc.h. */
void *memory;
/* Is the file descriptor being cached? That is, can it be closed as
needed, and re-opened when accessed later? */
unsigned int cacheable : 1;
/* Marks whether there was a default target specified when the
BFD was opened. This is used to select which matching algorithm
to use to choose the back end. */
unsigned int target_defaulted : 1;
/* ... and here: (``once'' means at least once). */
unsigned int opened_once : 1;
/* Set if we have a locally maintained mtime value, rather than
getting it from the file each time. */
unsigned int mtime_set : 1;
/* Flag set if symbols from this BFD should not be exported. */
unsigned int no_export : 1;
/* Remember when output has begun, to stop strange things
from happening. */
unsigned int output_has_begun : 1;
/* Have archive map. */
unsigned int has_armap : 1;
/* Set if this is a thin archive. */
unsigned int is_thin_archive : 1;
};
</pre>
<h3 class="section">2.2 Error reporting</h3>
<p>Most BFD functions return nonzero on success (check their
individual documentation for precise semantics). On an error,
they call <code>bfd_set_error</code> to set an error condition that callers
can check by calling <code>bfd_get_error</code>.
If that returns <code>bfd_error_system_call</code>, then check
<code>errno</code>.
<p>The easiest way to report a BFD error to the user is to
use <code>bfd_perror</code>.
<h4 class="subsection">2.2.1 Type <code>bfd_error_type</code></h4>
<p>The values returned by <code>bfd_get_error</code> are defined by the
enumerated type <code>bfd_error_type</code>.
<pre class="example">
typedef enum bfd_error
{
bfd_error_no_error = 0,
bfd_error_system_call,
bfd_error_invalid_target,
bfd_error_wrong_format,
bfd_error_wrong_object_format,
bfd_error_invalid_operation,
bfd_error_no_memory,
bfd_error_no_symbols,
bfd_error_no_armap,
bfd_error_no_more_archived_files,
bfd_error_malformed_archive,
bfd_error_file_not_recognized,
bfd_error_file_ambiguously_recognized,
bfd_error_no_contents,
bfd_error_nonrepresentable_section,
bfd_error_no_debug_section,
bfd_error_bad_value,
bfd_error_file_truncated,
bfd_error_file_too_big,
bfd_error_on_input,
bfd_error_invalid_error_code
}
bfd_error_type;
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005ferror-5"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.1.1 <code>bfd_get_error</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_error_type bfd_get_error (void);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the current BFD error condition.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005ferror-6"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.1.2 <code>bfd_set_error</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_set_error (bfd_error_type error_tag, ...);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the BFD error condition to be <var>error_tag</var>.
If <var>error_tag</var> is bfd_error_on_input, then this function
takes two more parameters, the input bfd where the error
occurred, and the bfd_error_type error.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005ferrmsg-7"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.1.3 <code>bfd_errmsg</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> const char *bfd_errmsg (bfd_error_type error_tag);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return a string describing the error <var>error_tag</var>, or
the system error if <var>error_tag</var> is <code>bfd_error_system_call</code>.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fperror-8"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.1.4 <code>bfd_perror</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_perror (const char *message);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Print to the standard error stream a string describing the
last BFD error that occurred, or the last system error if
the last BFD error was a system call failure. If <var>message</var>
is non-NULL and non-empty, the error string printed is preceded
by <var>message</var>, a colon, and a space. It is followed by a newline.
<h4 class="subsection">2.2.2 BFD error handler</h4>
<p>Some BFD functions want to print messages describing the
problem. They call a BFD error handler function. This
function may be overridden by the program.
<p>The BFD error handler acts like printf.
<pre class="example">
typedef void (*bfd_error_handler_type) (const char *, ...);
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005ferror_005fhandler-9"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.2.1 <code>bfd_set_error_handler</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_error_handler_type bfd_set_error_handler (bfd_error_handler_type);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the BFD error handler function. Returns the previous
function.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005ferror_005fprogram_005fname-10"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.2.2 <code>bfd_set_error_program_name</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_set_error_program_name (const char *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the program name to use when printing a BFD error. This
is printed before the error message followed by a colon and
space. The string must not be changed after it is passed to
this function.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005ferror_005fhandler-11"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.2.3 <code>bfd_get_error_handler</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_error_handler_type bfd_get_error_handler (void);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the BFD error handler function.
<h3 class="section">2.3 Miscellaneous</h3>
<h4 class="subsection">2.3.1 Miscellaneous functions</h4>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005freloc_005fupper_005fbound-12"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.1 <code>bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> long bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound (bfd *abfd, asection *sect);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the number of bytes required to store the
relocation information associated with section <var>sect</var>
attached to bfd <var>abfd</var>. If an error occurs, return -1.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fcanonicalize_005freloc-13"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.2 <code>bfd_canonicalize_reloc</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> long bfd_canonicalize_reloc
(bfd *abfd, asection *sec, arelent **loc, asymbol **syms);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Call the back end associated with the open BFD
<var>abfd</var> and translate the external form of the relocation
information attached to <var>sec</var> into the internal canonical
form. Place the table into memory at <var>loc</var>, which has
been preallocated, usually by a call to
<code>bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound</code>. Returns the number of relocs, or
-1 on error.
<p>The <var>syms</var> table is also needed for horrible internal magic
reasons.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005freloc-14"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.3 <code>bfd_set_reloc</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_set_reloc
(bfd *abfd, asection *sec, arelent **rel, unsigned int count);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the relocation pointer and count within
section <var>sec</var> to the values <var>rel</var> and <var>count</var>.
The argument <var>abfd</var> is ignored.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005ffile_005fflags-15"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.4 <code>bfd_set_file_flags</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_set_file_flags (bfd *abfd, flagword flags);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the flag word in the BFD <var>abfd</var> to the value <var>flags</var>.
<p>Possible errors are:
<ul>
<li><code>bfd_error_wrong_format</code> - The target bfd was not of object format.
<li><code>bfd_error_invalid_operation</code> - The target bfd was open for reading.
<li><code>bfd_error_invalid_operation</code> -
The flag word contained a bit which was not applicable to the
type of file. E.g., an attempt was made to set the <code>D_PAGED</code> bit
on a BFD format which does not support demand paging.
</ul>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005farch_005fsize-16"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.5 <code>bfd_get_arch_size</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> int bfd_get_arch_size (bfd *abfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Returns the architecture address size, in bits, as determined
by the object file's format. For ELF, this information is
included in the header.
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
Returns the arch size in bits if known, <code>-1</code> otherwise.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005fsign_005fextend_005fvma-17"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.6 <code>bfd_get_sign_extend_vma</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> int bfd_get_sign_extend_vma (bfd *abfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Indicates if the target architecture "naturally" sign extends
an address. Some architectures implicitly sign extend address
values when they are converted to types larger than the size
of an address. For instance, bfd_get_start_address() will
return an address sign extended to fill a bfd_vma when this is
the case.
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
Returns <code>1</code> if the target architecture is known to sign
extend addresses, <code>0</code> if the target architecture is known to
not sign extend addresses, and <code>-1</code> otherwise.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005fstart_005faddress-18"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.7 <code>bfd_set_start_address</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_set_start_address (bfd *abfd, bfd_vma vma);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Make <var>vma</var> the entry point of output BFD <var>abfd</var>.
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
Returns <code>TRUE</code> on success, <code>FALSE</code> otherwise.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005fgp_005fsize-19"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.8 <code>bfd_get_gp_size</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> unsigned int bfd_get_gp_size (bfd *abfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the maximum size of objects to be optimized using the GP
register under MIPS ECOFF. This is typically set by the <code>-G</code>
argument to the compiler, assembler or linker.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005fgp_005fsize-20"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.9 <code>bfd_set_gp_size</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_set_gp_size (bfd *abfd, unsigned int i);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set the maximum size of objects to be optimized using the GP
register under ECOFF or MIPS ELF. This is typically set by
the <code>-G</code> argument to the compiler, assembler or linker.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fscan_005fvma-21"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.10 <code>bfd_scan_vma</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_vma bfd_scan_vma (const char *string, const char **end, int base);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Convert, like <code>strtoul</code>, a numerical expression
<var>string</var> into a <code>bfd_vma</code> integer, and return that integer.
(Though without as many bells and whistles as <code>strtoul</code>.)
The expression is assumed to be unsigned (i.e., positive).
If given a <var>base</var>, it is used as the base for conversion.
A base of 0 causes the function to interpret the string
in hex if a leading "0x" or "0X" is found, otherwise
in octal if a leading zero is found, otherwise in decimal.
<p>If the value would overflow, the maximum <code>bfd_vma</code> value is
returned.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fcopy_005fprivate_005fheader_005fdata-22"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.11 <code>bfd_copy_private_header_data</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_copy_private_header_data (bfd *ibfd, bfd *obfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Copy private BFD header information from the BFD <var>ibfd</var> to the
the BFD <var>obfd</var>. This copies information that may require
sections to exist, but does not require symbol tables. Return
<code>true</code> on success, <code>false</code> on error.
Possible error returns are:
<ul>
<li><code>bfd_error_no_memory</code> -
Not enough memory exists to create private data for <var>obfd</var>.
</ul>
<pre class="example"> #define bfd_copy_private_header_data(ibfd, obfd) \
BFD_SEND (obfd, _bfd_copy_private_header_data, \
(ibfd, obfd))
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fcopy_005fprivate_005fbfd_005fdata-23"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.12 <code>bfd_copy_private_bfd_data</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_copy_private_bfd_data (bfd *ibfd, bfd *obfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Copy private BFD information from the BFD <var>ibfd</var> to the
the BFD <var>obfd</var>. Return <code>TRUE</code> on success, <code>FALSE</code> on error.
Possible error returns are:
<ul>
<li><code>bfd_error_no_memory</code> -
Not enough memory exists to create private data for <var>obfd</var>.
</ul>
<pre class="example"> #define bfd_copy_private_bfd_data(ibfd, obfd) \
BFD_SEND (obfd, _bfd_copy_private_bfd_data, \
(ibfd, obfd))
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fmerge_005fprivate_005fbfd_005fdata-24"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.13 <code>bfd_merge_private_bfd_data</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_merge_private_bfd_data (bfd *ibfd, bfd *obfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Merge private BFD information from the BFD <var>ibfd</var> to the
the output file BFD <var>obfd</var> when linking. Return <code>TRUE</code>
on success, <code>FALSE</code> on error. Possible error returns are:
<ul>
<li><code>bfd_error_no_memory</code> -
Not enough memory exists to create private data for <var>obfd</var>.
</ul>
<pre class="example"> #define bfd_merge_private_bfd_data(ibfd, obfd) \
BFD_SEND (obfd, _bfd_merge_private_bfd_data, \
(ibfd, obfd))
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fset_005fprivate_005fflags-25"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.14 <code>bfd_set_private_flags</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_set_private_flags (bfd *abfd, flagword flags);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Set private BFD flag information in the BFD <var>abfd</var>.
Return <code>TRUE</code> on success, <code>FALSE</code> on error. Possible error
returns are:
<ul>
<li><code>bfd_error_no_memory</code> -
Not enough memory exists to create private data for <var>obfd</var>.
</ul>
<pre class="example"> #define bfd_set_private_flags(abfd, flags) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_set_private_flags, (abfd, flags))
</pre>
<p><a name="index-Other-functions-26"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.15 <code>Other functions</code></h5>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
The following functions exist but have not yet been documented.
<pre class="example"> #define bfd_sizeof_headers(abfd, info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_sizeof_headers, (abfd, info))
#define bfd_find_nearest_line(abfd, sec, syms, off, file, func, line) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_find_nearest_line, \
(abfd, sec, syms, off, file, func, line))
#define bfd_find_line(abfd, syms, sym, file, line) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_find_line, \
(abfd, syms, sym, file, line))
#define bfd_find_inliner_info(abfd, file, func, line) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_find_inliner_info, \
(abfd, file, func, line))
#define bfd_debug_info_start(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_debug_info_start, (abfd))
#define bfd_debug_info_end(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_debug_info_end, (abfd))
#define bfd_debug_info_accumulate(abfd, section) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_debug_info_accumulate, (abfd, section))
#define bfd_stat_arch_elt(abfd, stat) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_stat_arch_elt,(abfd, stat))
#define bfd_update_armap_timestamp(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_update_armap_timestamp, (abfd))
#define bfd_set_arch_mach(abfd, arch, mach)\
BFD_SEND ( abfd, _bfd_set_arch_mach, (abfd, arch, mach))
#define bfd_relax_section(abfd, section, link_info, again) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_relax_section, (abfd, section, link_info, again))
#define bfd_gc_sections(abfd, link_info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_gc_sections, (abfd, link_info))
#define bfd_merge_sections(abfd, link_info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_merge_sections, (abfd, link_info))
#define bfd_is_group_section(abfd, sec) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_is_group_section, (abfd, sec))
#define bfd_discard_group(abfd, sec) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_discard_group, (abfd, sec))
#define bfd_link_hash_table_create(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_link_hash_table_create, (abfd))
#define bfd_link_hash_table_free(abfd, hash) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_link_hash_table_free, (hash))
#define bfd_link_add_symbols(abfd, info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_link_add_symbols, (abfd, info))
#define bfd_link_just_syms(abfd, sec, info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_link_just_syms, (sec, info))
#define bfd_final_link(abfd, info) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_final_link, (abfd, info))
#define bfd_free_cached_info(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_free_cached_info, (abfd))
#define bfd_get_dynamic_symtab_upper_bound(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_get_dynamic_symtab_upper_bound, (abfd))
#define bfd_print_private_bfd_data(abfd, file)\
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_print_private_bfd_data, (abfd, file))
#define bfd_canonicalize_dynamic_symtab(abfd, asymbols) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_canonicalize_dynamic_symtab, (abfd, asymbols))
#define bfd_get_synthetic_symtab(abfd, count, syms, dyncount, dynsyms, ret) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_get_synthetic_symtab, (abfd, count, syms, \
dyncount, dynsyms, ret))
#define bfd_get_dynamic_reloc_upper_bound(abfd) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_get_dynamic_reloc_upper_bound, (abfd))
#define bfd_canonicalize_dynamic_reloc(abfd, arels, asyms) \
BFD_SEND (abfd, _bfd_canonicalize_dynamic_reloc, (abfd, arels, asyms))
extern bfd_byte *bfd_get_relocated_section_contents
(bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *, struct bfd_link_order *, bfd_byte *,
bfd_boolean, asymbol **);
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005falt_005fmach_005fcode-27"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.16 <code>bfd_alt_mach_code</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_alt_mach_code (bfd *abfd, int alternative);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
When more than one machine code number is available for the
same machine type, this function can be used to switch between
the preferred one (alternative == 0) and any others. Currently,
only ELF supports this feature, with up to two alternate
machine codes.
<pre class="example"> struct bfd_preserve
{
void *marker;
void *tdata;
flagword flags;
const struct bfd_arch_info *arch_info;
struct bfd_section *sections;
struct bfd_section *section_last;
unsigned int section_count;
struct bfd_hash_table section_htab;
};
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fpreserve_005fsave-28"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.17 <code>bfd_preserve_save</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_boolean bfd_preserve_save (bfd *, struct bfd_preserve *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
When testing an object for compatibility with a particular
target back-end, the back-end object_p function needs to set
up certain fields in the bfd on successfully recognizing the
object. This typically happens in a piecemeal fashion, with
failures possible at many points. On failure, the bfd is
supposed to be restored to its initial state, which is
virtually impossible. However, restoring a subset of the bfd
state works in practice. This function stores the subset and
reinitializes the bfd.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fpreserve_005frestore-29"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.18 <code>bfd_preserve_restore</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_preserve_restore (bfd *, struct bfd_preserve *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
This function restores bfd state saved by bfd_preserve_save.
If MARKER is non-NULL in struct bfd_preserve then that block
and all subsequently bfd_alloc'd memory is freed.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fpreserve_005ffinish-30"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.19 <code>bfd_preserve_finish</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_preserve_finish (bfd *, struct bfd_preserve *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
This function should be called when the bfd state saved by
bfd_preserve_save is no longer needed. ie. when the back-end
object_p function returns with success.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005femul_005fget_005fmaxpagesize-31"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.20 <code>bfd_emul_get_maxpagesize</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_vma bfd_emul_get_maxpagesize (const char *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Returns the maximum page size, in bytes, as determined by
emulation.
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
Returns the maximum page size in bytes for ELF, abort
otherwise.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005femul_005fset_005fmaxpagesize-32"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.21 <code>bfd_emul_set_maxpagesize</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_emul_set_maxpagesize (const char *, bfd_vma);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
For ELF, set the maximum page size for the emulation. It is
a no-op for other formats.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005femul_005fget_005fcommonpagesize-33"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.22 <code>bfd_emul_get_commonpagesize</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> bfd_vma bfd_emul_get_commonpagesize (const char *);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Returns the common page size, in bytes, as determined by
emulation.
<p><strong>Returns</strong><br>
Returns the common page size in bytes for ELF, abort otherwise.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005femul_005fset_005fcommonpagesize-34"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.23 <code>bfd_emul_set_commonpagesize</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> void bfd_emul_set_commonpagesize (const char *, bfd_vma);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
For ELF, set the common page size for the emulation. It is
a no-op for other formats.
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fdemangle-35"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.24 <code>bfd_demangle</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> char *bfd_demangle (bfd *, const char *, int);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Wrapper around cplus_demangle. Strips leading underscores and
other such chars that would otherwise confuse the demangler.
If passed a g++ v3 ABI mangled name, returns a buffer allocated
with malloc holding the demangled name. Returns NULL otherwise
and on memory alloc failure.
<p><a name="index-struct-bfd_005fiovec-36"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.25 <code>struct bfd_iovec</code></h5>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
The <code>struct bfd_iovec</code> contains the internal file I/O class.
Each <code>BFD</code> has an instance of this class and all file I/O is
routed through it (it is assumed that the instance implements
all methods listed below).
<pre class="example"> struct bfd_iovec
{
/* To avoid problems with macros, a "b" rather than "f"
prefix is prepended to each method name. */
/* Attempt to read/write NBYTES on ABFD's IOSTREAM storing/fetching
bytes starting at PTR. Return the number of bytes actually
transfered (a read past end-of-file returns less than NBYTES),
or -1 (setting <code>bfd_error</code>) if an error occurs. */
file_ptr (*bread) (struct bfd *abfd, void *ptr, file_ptr nbytes);
file_ptr (*bwrite) (struct bfd *abfd, const void *ptr,
file_ptr nbytes);
/* Return the current IOSTREAM file offset, or -1 (setting <code>bfd_error</code>
if an error occurs. */
file_ptr (*btell) (struct bfd *abfd);
/* For the following, on successful completion a value of 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned (and <code>bfd_error</code> is set). */
int (*bseek) (struct bfd *abfd, file_ptr offset, int whence);
int (*bclose) (struct bfd *abfd);
int (*bflush) (struct bfd *abfd);
int (*bstat) (struct bfd *abfd, struct stat *sb);
};
</pre>
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005fmtime-37"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.26 <code>bfd_get_mtime</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> long bfd_get_mtime (bfd *abfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the file modification time (as read from the file system, or
from the archive header for archive members).
<p><a name="index-bfd_005fget_005fsize-38"></a>
<h5 class="subsubsection">2.3.1.27 <code>bfd_get_size</code></h5>
<p><strong>Synopsis</strong>
<pre class="example"> file_ptr bfd_get_size (bfd *abfd);
</pre>
<p><strong>Description</strong><br>
Return the file size (as read from file system) for the file
associated with BFD <var>abfd</var>.
<p>The initial motivation for, and use of, this routine is not
so we can get the exact size of the object the BFD applies to, since
that might not be generally possible (archive members for example).
It would be ideal if someone could eventually modify
it so that such results were guaranteed.
<p>Instead, we want to ask questions like "is this NNN byte sized
object I'm about to try read from file offset YYY reasonable?"
As as example of where we might do this, some object formats
use string tables for which the first <code>sizeof (long)</code> bytes of the
table contain the size of the table itself, including the size bytes.
If an application tries to read what it thinks is one of these
string tables, without some way to validate the size, and for
some reason the size is wrong (byte swapping error, wrong location
for the string table, etc.), the only clue is likely to be a read
error when it tries to read the table, or a "virtual memory
exhausted" error when it tries to allocate 15 bazillon bytes
of space for the 15 bazillon byte table it is about to read.
This function at least allows us to answer the question, "is the
size reasonable?".
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