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HTML
373 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<HTML>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<!-- Created on March, 27 2008 by texi2html 1.64 -->
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<!--
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Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
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Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
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Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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and many others.
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Maintained by: Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
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-->
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Debugging with GDB: Using History Interactively</TITLE>
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Debugging with GDB: Using History Interactively">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Debugging with GDB: Using History Interactively">
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<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY LANG="" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" ALINK="#FF0000">
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<A NAME="SEC679"></A>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_28.html#SEC678"> < </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_4.html#SEC14"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H1> 28. Using History Interactively </H1>
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<!--docid::SEC679::-->
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<P>
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This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively,
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from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide.
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For information on using the GNU History Library in other programs,
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see the GNU Readline Library Manual.
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</P><P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680">28.1 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
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</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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<A NAME="SEC680"></A>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> < </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC681"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> Up </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H2> 28.1 History Expansion </H2>
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<!--docid::SEC680::-->
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<P>
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The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
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to the history expansion provided by <CODE>csh</CODE>. This section
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describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information.
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</P><P>
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History expansions introduce words from the history list into
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the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
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arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
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fix errors in previous commands quickly.
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</P><P>
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History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine
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which line from the history list should be used during substitution.
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The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the
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current one. The line selected from the history is called the
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<EM>event</EM>, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
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called <EM>words</EM>. Various <EM>modifiers</EM> are available to manipulate
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the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion
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that Bash does, so that several words
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surrounded by quotes are considered one word.
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History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
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history expansion character, which is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> by default.
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</P><P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC681">28.1.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC682">28.1.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC683">28.1.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
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</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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<A NAME="SEC681"></A>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680"> < </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC682"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680"> Up </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H3> 28.1.1 Event Designators </H3>
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<!--docid::SEC681::-->
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<P>
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An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
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history list.
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<A NAME="IDX1510"></A>
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</P><P>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT><CODE>!</CODE>
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<DD>Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab,
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the end of the line, or <SAMP>`='</SAMP>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!<VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
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<DD>Refer to command line <VAR>n</VAR>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!-<VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
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<DD>Refer to the command <VAR>n</VAR> lines back.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!!</CODE>
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<DD>Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`!-1'</SAMP>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!<VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
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<DD>Refer to the most recent command starting with <VAR>string</VAR>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!?<VAR>string</VAR>[?]</CODE>
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<DD>Refer to the most recent command containing <VAR>string</VAR>. The trailing
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<SAMP>`?'</SAMP> may be omitted if the <VAR>string</VAR> is followed immediately by
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a newline.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>^<VAR>string1</VAR>^<VAR>string2</VAR>^</CODE>
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<DD>Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing <VAR>string1</VAR>
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with <VAR>string2</VAR>. Equivalent to
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<CODE>!!:s/<VAR>string1</VAR>/<VAR>string2</VAR>/</CODE>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!#</CODE>
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<DD>The entire command line typed so far.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<P>
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<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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<A NAME="SEC682"></A>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC681"> < </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC683"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC683"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680"> Up </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H3> 28.1.2 Word Designators </H3>
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<!--docid::SEC682::-->
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<P>
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Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
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A <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> separates the event specification from the word designator. It
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may be omitted if the word designator begins with a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>,
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<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>. Words are numbered from the beginning
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of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are
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inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
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</P><P>
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For example,
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</P><P>
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT><CODE>!!</CODE>
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<DD>designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding
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command is repeated in toto.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!!:$</CODE>
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<DD>designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be
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shortened to <CODE>!$</CODE>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>!fi:2</CODE>
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<DD>designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with
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the letters <CODE>fi</CODE>.
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</DL>
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<P>
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Here are the word designators:
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<DL COMPACT>
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<DT><CODE>0 (zero)</CODE>
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<DD>The <CODE>0</CODE>th word. For many applications, this is the command word.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE><VAR>n</VAR></CODE>
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<DD>The <VAR>n</VAR>th word.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>^</CODE>
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<DD>The first argument; that is, word 1.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>$</CODE>
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<DD>The last argument.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>%</CODE>
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<DD>The word matched by the most recent <SAMP>`?<VAR>string</VAR>?'</SAMP> search.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-<VAR>y</VAR></CODE>
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<DD>A range of words; <SAMP>`-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP> abbreviates <SAMP>`0-<VAR>y</VAR>'</SAMP>.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
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<DD>All of the words, except the <CODE>0</CODE>th. This is a synonym for <SAMP>`1-$'</SAMP>.
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It is not an error to use <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> if there is just one word in the event;
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the empty string is returned in that case.
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<P>
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<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>*</CODE>
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<DD>Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP>
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<P>
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<DT><CODE><VAR>x</VAR>-</CODE>
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<DD>Abbreviates <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>-$'</SAMP> like <SAMP>`<VAR>x</VAR>*'</SAMP>, but omits the last word.
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<P>
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</DL>
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<P>
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If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
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previous command is used as the event.
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</P><P>
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<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
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<HR SIZE="6">
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||
|
|
<A NAME="SEC683"></A>
|
||
|
|
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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||
|
|
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC682"> < </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> > </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> << </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC680"> Up </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
|
||
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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<H3> 28.1.3 Modifiers </H3>
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<!--docid::SEC683::-->
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<P>
|
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After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
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of the following modifiers, each preceded by a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP>.
|
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</P><P>
|
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<DL COMPACT>
|
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<DT><CODE>h</CODE>
|
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<DD>Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
|
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<P>
|
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|
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<DT><CODE>t</CODE>
|
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<DD>Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
|
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<P>
|
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<DT><CODE>r</CODE>
|
||
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<DD>Remove a trailing suffix of the form <SAMP>`.<VAR>suffix</VAR>'</SAMP>, leaving
|
||
|
|
the basename.
|
||
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<P>
|
||
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|
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<DT><CODE>e</CODE>
|
||
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|
<DD>Remove all but the trailing suffix.
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DT><CODE>p</CODE>
|
||
|
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<DD>Print the new command but do not execute it.
|
||
|
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<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DT><CODE>s/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE>
|
||
|
|
<DD>Substitute <VAR>new</VAR> for the first occurrence of <VAR>old</VAR> in the
|
||
|
|
event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>.
|
||
|
|
The delimiter may be quoted in <VAR>old</VAR> and <VAR>new</VAR>
|
||
|
|
with a single backslash. If <SAMP>`&'</SAMP> appears in <VAR>new</VAR>,
|
||
|
|
it is replaced by <VAR>old</VAR>. A single backslash will quote
|
||
|
|
the <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last
|
||
|
|
character on the input line.
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DT><CODE>&</CODE>
|
||
|
|
<DD>Repeat the previous substitution.
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DT><CODE>g</CODE>
|
||
|
|
<DD><DT><CODE>a</CODE>
|
||
|
|
<DD>Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in
|
||
|
|
conjunction with <SAMP>`s'</SAMP>, as in <CODE>gs/<VAR>old</VAR>/<VAR>new</VAR>/</CODE>,
|
||
|
|
or with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<DT><CODE>G</CODE>
|
||
|
|
<DD>Apply the following <SAMP>`s'</SAMP> modifier once to each word in the event.
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</DL>
|
||
|
|
<P>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
<A NAME="Formatting Documentation"></A>
|
||
|
|
<HR SIZE="6">
|
||
|
|
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
|
||
|
|
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_29.html#SEC679"> << </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_30.html#SEC684"> >> </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
|
||
|
|
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_38.html#SEC764">Index</A>]</TD>
|
||
|
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="gdb_abt.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
|
||
|
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|
||
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<BR>
|
||
|
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<FONT SIZE="-1">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
<address>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to <a
|
||
|
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href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">gnu@gnu.org</a>. There are also <a
|
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|
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href="http://www.gnu.org/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to
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|
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contact</a> the FSF.</p>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
<p>These pages are maintained by <a
|
||
|
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href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/">the GDB developers</a>.</p>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
<p>Copyright Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite
|
||
|
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330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.</p>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
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|
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permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
|
||
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|
||
|
|
</address>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This document was generated
|
||
|
|
by <I>GDB Administrator</I> on <I>March, 27 2008</I>
|
||
|
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using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
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"><I>texi2html</I></A>
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