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110 lines
5.5 KiB
HTML
110 lines
5.5 KiB
HTML
15 years ago
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Call Graph - GNU gprof</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
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<meta name="description" content="GNU gprof">
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<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7">
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<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
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<link rel="up" href="Output.html#Output" title="Output">
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<link rel="prev" href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile" title="Flat Profile">
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<link rel="next" href="Line_002dby_002dline.html#Line_002dby_002dline" title="Line-by-line">
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<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
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<!--
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This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system.
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Copyright (C) 1988, 92, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
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section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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man end-->
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
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<style type="text/css"><!--
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pre.display { font-family:inherit }
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pre.format { font-family:inherit }
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pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
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pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
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pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
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pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
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span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
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span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; }
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--></style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="node">
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<p>
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<a name="Call-Graph"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Line_002dby_002dline.html#Line_002dby_002dline">Line-by-line</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile">Flat Profile</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Output.html#Output">Output</a>
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<hr><br>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">5.2 The Call Graph</h3>
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<p><a name="index-call-graph-2"></a>
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The <dfn>call graph</dfn> shows how much time was spent in each function
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and its children. From this information, you can find functions that,
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while they themselves may not have used much time, called other
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functions that did use unusual amounts of time.
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<p>Here is a sample call from a small program. This call came from the
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same <code>gprof</code> run as the flat profile example in the previous
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section.
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<pre class="smallexample"> granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 20.00% of 0.05 seconds
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index % time self children called name
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<spontaneous>
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[1] 100.0 0.00 0.05 start [1]
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0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2]
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0.00 0.00 1/2 on_exit [28]
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0.00 0.00 1/1 exit [59]
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-----------------------------------------------
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0.00 0.05 1/1 start [1]
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[2] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 main [2]
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0.00 0.05 1/1 report [3]
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-----------------------------------------------
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0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2]
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[3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3]
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0.00 0.03 8/8 timelocal [6]
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0.00 0.01 1/1 print [9]
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0.00 0.01 9/9 fgets [12]
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0.00 0.00 12/34 strncmp <cycle 1> [40]
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0.00 0.00 8/8 lookup [20]
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0.00 0.00 1/1 fopen [21]
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0.00 0.00 8/8 chewtime [24]
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0.00 0.00 8/16 skipspace [44]
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-----------------------------------------------
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[4] 59.8 0.01 0.02 8+472 <cycle 2 as a whole> [4]
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0.01 0.02 244+260 offtime <cycle 2> [7]
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0.00 0.00 236+1 tzset <cycle 2> [26]
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-----------------------------------------------
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</pre>
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<p>The lines full of dashes divide this table into <dfn>entries</dfn>, one for each
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function. Each entry has one or more lines.
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<p>In each entry, the primary line is the one that starts with an index number
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in square brackets. The end of this line says which function the entry is
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for. The preceding lines in the entry describe the callers of this
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function and the following lines describe its subroutines (also called
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<dfn>children</dfn> when we speak of the call graph).
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<p>The entries are sorted by time spent in the function and its subroutines.
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<p>The internal profiling function <code>mcount</code> (see <a href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile">The Flat Profile</a>) is never mentioned in the call graph.
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<ul class="menu">
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<li><a accesskey="1" href="Primary.html#Primary">Primary</a>: Details of the primary line's contents.
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<li><a accesskey="2" href="Callers.html#Callers">Callers</a>: Details of caller-lines' contents.
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<li><a accesskey="3" href="Subroutines.html#Subroutines">Subroutines</a>: Details of subroutine-lines' contents.
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<li><a accesskey="4" href="Cycles.html#Cycles">Cycles</a>: When there are cycles of recursion,
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such as <code>a</code> calls <code>b</code> calls <code>a</code>...
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</ul>
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</body></html>
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