423 lines
		
	
	
	
		
			21 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			HTML
		
	
	
	
	
	
		
		
			
		
	
	
			423 lines
		
	
	
	
		
			21 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			HTML
		
	
	
	
	
	
| 
								 | 
							
								<html lang="en">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<head>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<title>GNU Free Documentation License - Using as</title>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<meta name="description" content="Using as">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<link rel="prev" href="Acknowledgements.html#Acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<link rel="next" href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="AS Index">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<!--
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								man end-->
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<style type="text/css"><!--
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  pre.smalllisp    { font-size:smaller }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								  span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								--></style>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								</head>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<body>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<div class="node">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<p>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<a name="GNU-Free-Documentation-License"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index">AS Index</a>,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Acknowledgements.html#Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<hr><br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								</div>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License</h2>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<div align="center">Version 1.1, March 2000</div>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<pre class="display">     Copyright (C) 2000, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								</pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								</pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <ol type=1 start=0>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<li>PREAMBLE
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								written document “free” in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								modifications made by others.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								license designed for free software.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								under the terms of this License.  The “Document”, below, refers to any
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								addressed as “you.”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								modifications and/or translated into another language.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								them.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								that says that the Document is released under this License.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the Document is released under this License.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								represented in a format whose specification is available to the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								not “Transparent” is called “Opaque.”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								HTML designed for human modification.  Opaque formats include
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								processing tools are not generally available, and the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								purposes only.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>VERBATIM COPYING
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								you may publicly display copies.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>COPYING IN QUANTITY
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								as verbatim copying in other respects.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								pages.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the public.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>MODIFICATIONS
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   if the original publisher of that version gives permission.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   Modified Version, as the publisher.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   adjacent to the other copyright notices.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								I. Preserve the section entitled “History”, and its title, and add to
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   there is no section entitled “History” in the Document, create one
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   Version as stated in the previous sentence.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   it was based on.  These may be placed in the “History” section. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								K. In any section entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   and/or dedications given therein.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								M. Delete any section entitled “Endorsements.”  Such a section
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   may not be included in the Modified Version.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								N. Do not retitle any existing section as “Endorsements”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.<br>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may add a section entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								parties–for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								standard.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>COMBINING DOCUMENTS
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								license notice.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled “History”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								“History”; likewise combine any sections entitled “Acknowledgements”,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								and any sections entitled “Dedications.”  You must delete all sections
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								entitled “Endorsements.”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								compilation.  Such a compilation is called an “aggregate”, and this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>TRANSLATION
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								translation of this License provided that you also include the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								between the translation and the original English version of this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License, the original English version will prevail.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>TERMINATION
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								parties remain in full compliance.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <pre class="sp">
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     </pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <li>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								        </ol>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<h3 class="unnumberedsec">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</h3>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								the License in the document and put the following copyright and
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								license notices just after the title page:
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								<pre class="smallexample">     Copyright (C)  <var>year</var>  <var>your name</var>.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with the
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								     Free Documentation License."
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								</pre>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   <p>If you have no Invariant Sections, write “with no Invariant Sections”
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								Front-Cover Texts, write “no Front-Cover Texts” instead of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								“Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>”; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								to permit their use in free software.
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								   </body></html>
							 | 
						||
| 
								 | 
							
								
							 |