neingeist
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arduinisten
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orange 15 years ago
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/*
* speaker_pcm
*
* Plays 8-bit PCM audio on pin 11 using pulse-width modulation (PWM).
* For Arduino with Atmega168 at 16 MHz.
*
* Uses two timers. The first changes the sample value 8000 times a second.
* The second holds pin 11 high for 0-255 ticks out of a 256-tick cycle,
* depending on sample value. The second timer repeats 62500 times per second
* (16000000 / 256), much faster than the playback rate (8000 Hz), so
* it almost sounds halfway decent, just really quiet on a PC speaker.
*
* Takes over Timer 1 (16-bit) for the 8000 Hz timer. This breaks PWM
* (analogWrite()) for Arduino pins 9 and 10. Takes Timer 2 (8-bit)
* for the pulse width modulation, breaking PWM for pins 11 & 3.
*
* References:
* http://www.uchobby.com/index.php/2007/11/11/arduino-sound-part-1/
* http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2542.pdf
* http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/avrdac
* http://gonium.net/md/2006/12/27/i-will-think-before-i-code/
* http://fly.cc.fer.hr/GDM/articles/sndmus/speaker2.html
* http://www.gamedev.net/reference/articles/article442.asp
*
* Michael Smith <michael@hurts.ca>
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>
#define SAMPLE_RATE 8000
/*
* The audio data needs to be unsigned, 8-bit, 8000 Hz, and small enough
* to fit in flash. 10000-13000 samples is about the limit.
*
* sounddata.h should look like this:
* const int sounddata_length=10000;
* const unsigned char sounddata_data[] PROGMEM = { ..... };
*
* You can use wav2c from GBA CSS:
* http://thieumsweb.free.fr/english/gbacss.html
* Then add "PROGMEM" in the right place. I hacked it up to dump the samples
* as unsigned rather than signed, but it shouldn't matter.
*
* http://musicthing.blogspot.com/2005/05/tiny-music-makers-pt-4-mac-startup.html
* mplayer -ao pcm macstartup.mp3
* sox audiodump.wav -v 1.32 -c 1 -r 8000 -u -1 macstartup-8000.wav
* sox macstartup-8000.wav macstartup-cut.wav trim 0 10000s
* wav2c macstartup-cut.wav sounddata.h sounddata
*
* (starfox) nb. under sox 12.18 (distributed in CentOS 5), i needed to run
* the following command to convert my wav file to the appropriate format:
* sox audiodump.wav -c 1 -r 8000 -u -b macstartup-8000.wav
*/
int ledPin = 13;
int speakerPin = 11;
volatile uint16_t sample1;
volatile uint16_t sample2;
byte lastSample;
prog_uint8_t sintab[] = {
0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x05,0x07,
0x09,0x0c,0x0f,0x12,0x15,0x19,0x1c,0x21,
0x25,0x29,0x2e,0x33,0x38,0x3d,0x43,0x48,
0x4e,0x54,0x5a,0x60,0x66,0x6c,0x73,0x79,
0x7f,0x85,0x8b,0x92,0x98,0x9e,0xa4,0xaa,
0xb0,0xb6,0xbb,0xc1,0xc6,0xcb,0xd0,0xd5,
0xd9,0xdd,0xe2,0xe5,0xe9,0xec,0xef,0xf2,
0xf5,0xf7,0xf9,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfe,0xfe,
0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xf9,0xf7,
0xf5,0xf2,0xef,0xec,0xe9,0xe5,0xe2,0xdd,
0xd9,0xd5,0xd0,0xcb,0xc6,0xc1,0xbb,0xb6,
0xb0,0xaa,0xa4,0x9e,0x98,0x92,0x8b,0x85,
0x7f,0x79,0x73,0x6c,0x66,0x60,0x5a,0x54,
0x4e,0x48,0x43,0x3d,0x38,0x33,0x2e,0x29,
0x25,0x21,0x1c,0x19,0x15,0x12,0x0f,0x0c,
0x09,0x07,0x05,0x03,0x02,0x01,0x01,0x01
};
volatile uint16_t tone1_h;
volatile uint16_t tone2_h;
// This is called at 8000 Hz to load the next sample.
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect) {
OCR2A = (pgm_read_byte(&sintab[sample1 / 512]) +
pgm_read_byte(&sintab[sample2 / 512])) / 2;
// OCR2A = pgm_read_byte(&sintab[sample1 / 512]);
sample1 = (sample1 + tone1_h);
sample2 = (sample2 + tone2_h);
}
void startPlayback()
{
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT);
// Set up Timer 2 to do pulse width modulation on the speaker
// pin.
// Use internal clock (datasheet p.160)
ASSR &= ~(_BV(EXCLK) | _BV(AS2));
// Set fast PWM mode (p.157)
TCCR2A |= _BV(WGM21) | _BV(WGM20);
TCCR2B &= ~_BV(WGM22);
// Do non-inverting PWM on pin OC2A (p.155)
// On the Arduino this is pin 11.
TCCR2A = (TCCR2A | _BV(COM2A1)) & ~_BV(COM2A0);
TCCR2A &= ~(_BV(COM2B1) | _BV(COM2B0));
// No prescaler (p.158)
TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & ~(_BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11))) | _BV(CS10);
// Set initial pulse width to the first sample.
OCR2A = 0;
// Set up Timer 1 to send a sample every interrupt.
cli();
// Set CTC mode (Clear Timer on Compare Match) (p.133)
// Have to set OCR1A *after*, otherwise it gets reset to 0!
TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & ~_BV(WGM13)) | _BV(WGM12);
TCCR1A = TCCR1A & ~(_BV(WGM11) | _BV(WGM10));
// No prescaler (p.134)
TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & ~(_BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11))) | _BV(CS10);
// Set the compare register (OCR1A).
// OCR1A is a 16-bit register, so we have to do this with
// interrupts disabled to be safe.
OCR1A = F_CPU / SAMPLE_RATE; // 16e6 / 8000 = 2000
// Enable interrupt when TCNT1 == OCR1A (p.136)
TIMSK1 |= _BV(OCIE1A);
sei();
}
void stopPlayback()
{
// Disable playback per-sample interrupt.
TIMSK1 &= ~_BV(OCIE1A);
// Disable the per-sample timer completely.
TCCR1B &= ~_BV(CS10);
// Disable the PWM timer.
TCCR2B &= ~_BV(CS10);
digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
}
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
tone1_h = 10;
tone2_h = 10;
startPlayback();
}
void arpeggio(int32_t n1, int32_t n2, int32_t n3, int32_t len) {
tone1_h = 16000/n1;
tone2_h = 16000/n2;
_delay_ms(50*len);
}
void loop()
{
for(;;) {
arpeggio(261,329,130,7);
arpeggio(329,392,130,4);
arpeggio(329,392,130,6);
arpeggio(329,392,123,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,7);
arpeggio(329,392,110,4);
arpeggio(493,392,110,4);
arpeggio(523,440,110,4);
arpeggio(440,349,110,6);
arpeggio(293,246,146,7);
arpeggio(329,261,146,4);
arpeggio(349,293,146,6);
arpeggio(293,246,146,6);
arpeggio(246,196,99,7);
arpeggio(261,220,99,4);
arpeggio(293,246,99,6);
arpeggio(246,196,99,6);
arpeggio(261,329,130,7);
arpeggio(329,392,130,4);
arpeggio(329,392,130,6);
arpeggio(329,392,123,6);
arpeggio(262,329,110,7);
arpeggio(329,392,110,4);
arpeggio(493,392,110,4);
arpeggio(523,440,110,4);
arpeggio(440,349,110,6);
arpeggio(293,246,146,7);
arpeggio(329,261,146,4);
arpeggio(349,293,146,6);
arpeggio(246,196,99,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(246,196,99,6);
arpeggio(174,220,82,6);
arpeggio(174,220,82,6);
arpeggio(174,220,82,6);
arpeggio(246,196,99,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
arpeggio(261,329,110,6);
_delay_ms(3000);
}
}