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<h1 class="settitle">Simulavr
</h1>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_1.html#SEC1">1. Introduction: What is simulavr?</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> What is simulavr?
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">2. Invoking Simulavr</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to run simulavr
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to use simulavr with gdb
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to display the processors state
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">5. Simulavr Internals</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Developing simulavr
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">6. Reporting Bugs</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reporting bugs
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_11.html#SEC11">Concept Index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
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<h1 class="settitle">Simulavr
</h1>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_1.html#SEC1">1. Introduction: What is simulavr?</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> What is simulavr?
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">2. Invoking Simulavr</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to run simulavr
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to use simulavr with gdb
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to display the processors state
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">5. Simulavr Internals</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Developing simulavr
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">6. Reporting Bugs</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Reporting bugs
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_11.html#SEC11">Concept Index</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
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<td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="simulavr.html#Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 1. Introduction: What is simulavr? </h1>
<blockquote><p>It's just a model.
<br>
&mdash; Monty Python
</p></blockquote>
<br>
<p>The Simulavr program is a simulator for the Atmel AVR family of
microcontrollers. Simulavr can be used either standalone or as a remote
target for gdb. When used in gdbserver mode, the simulator is used as a
backend so that gdb can be used as a source level debugger for AVR
programs.
</p>
<p>The official website for Simulavr is
<a href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/simulavr/">http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/simulavr/</a>.
</p>
<p>Because it is protected by the GNU General Public License, users are
free to share and change it.
</p>
<p>Simulavr was written by Theodore A. Roth
</p>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 6. Reporting Bugs </h1>
<p>If you find a bug in simulavr, please send electronic mail to
<a href="mailto:simulavr-devel@nongnu.org">simulavr-devel@nongnu.org</a>. Include the
version number, which you can find by running &lsquo;<samp>simulavr
--version</samp>&rsquo;. Also include in your message the output that simulavr
produced, a simple AVR program which reproduces the bug, and the
output you expected. If you are using avr-gdb also include the
version number reported by &lsquo;<samp>avr-gdb --version</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>If you have other questions, comments or suggestions about simulavr,
contact me via electronic mail at the above address.
</p>
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<h1 class="unnumbered"> Concept Index </h1>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a href="#SEC11_0" class="summary-letter"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a href="#SEC11_1" class="summary-letter"><b>A</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_2" class="summary-letter"><b>B</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_3" class="summary-letter"><b>D</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_4" class="summary-letter"><b>G</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_5" class="summary-letter"><b>I</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_6" class="summary-letter"><b>O</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_7" class="summary-letter"><b>P</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_8" class="summary-letter"><b>R</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_9" class="summary-letter"><b>S</b></a>
&nbsp;
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<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_0">-</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX16"><code>--breakpoint</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX15"><code>--clock-freq</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX14"><code>--core-dump</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX2"><code>--debug</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX7"><code>--device</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX12"><code>--disp-prog</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX8"><code>--eeprom-image</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX9"><code>--eeprom-type</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX10"><code>--flash-type</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX5"><code>--gdb-debug</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX4"><code>--gdbserver</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX1"><code>--help</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX11"><code>--list-devices</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX6"><code>--port</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX3"><code>--version</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#IDX13"><code>--without-xterm</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_1">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">aliasing</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">2.1 Aliasing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_7.html#SEC7">avr-gdb</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_7.html#SEC7">3.2 Building GDB for AVR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_2">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">bugs</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">6. Reporting Bugs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_3">D</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">developing</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">5. Simulavr Internals</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">display</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">display protocol</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_4">G</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">gdb</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_7.html#SEC7">gdb, building</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_7.html#SEC7">3.2 Building GDB for AVR</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_6.html#SEC6">gdb, hints</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_6.html#SEC6">3.1 GDB Hints</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">gdbserver</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_5">I</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">internals</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">5. Simulavr Internals</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_1.html#SEC1">introduction</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_1.html#SEC1">1. Introduction: What is simulavr?</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">invoking</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">2. Invoking Simulavr</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_6">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">options</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_7">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">problems</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">6. Reporting Bugs</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_8">R</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">running</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">2. Invoking Simulavr</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
<tr><th><a name="SEC11_9">S</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#IDX17">SIGHUP, from gdb</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8"><code>SIM_DISP_PROG</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8"><code>SIM_PIPE_FD</code></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">symbolic linking</a></td><td valign="top"><a href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">2.1 Aliasing</a></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"> <hr></td></tr>
</table>
<table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: &nbsp; </th><td><a href="#SEC11_0" class="summary-letter"><b>-</b></a>
&nbsp;
<br>
<a href="#SEC11_1" class="summary-letter"><b>A</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_2" class="summary-letter"><b>B</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_3" class="summary-letter"><b>D</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_4" class="summary-letter"><b>G</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_5" class="summary-letter"><b>I</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_6" class="summary-letter"><b>O</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_7" class="summary-letter"><b>P</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_8" class="summary-letter"><b>R</b></a>
&nbsp;
<a href="#SEC11_9" class="summary-letter"><b>S</b></a>
&nbsp;
</td></tr></table>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 2. Invoking Simulavr </h1>
<p>The format for running the simulavr program is:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">simulavr <var>options</var> &hellip; [flash_image]
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>If the optional &lsquo;<tt>flash_image</tt>&rsquo; file is supplied, it will be loaded
into the flash program memory space of the virtual device.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">2.1 Aliasing</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Simplifying invokation by aliasing.
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top"> Command line options for simulavr.
</td></tr>
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<h2 class="section"> 2.1 Aliasing </h2>
<p>On most systems, if the simulavr executable is renamed to the name of an
available device, it can be started without specifying the device
type. The easiest way to achieve this is to create symbolic links for
all the supported devices which point to the simulavr executable. For
instance, this command will create a sym link for the at90s8515 device
on a Unix system:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ln -s simulavr at90s8515
</pre></td></tr></table>
<p>Once the links have been created, the following two commands are
equivalent:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">simulavr -d at90s8515 myprog.bin
at90s8515 myprog.bin
</pre></td></tr></table>
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<h2 class="section"> 2.2 Options </h2>
<p>simulavr supports the following options:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="IDX1"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--help</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-h</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print an informative help message describing the options and available
device types, then exit.
</p>
<a name="IDX2"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--debug</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-D</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print assembly instruction mnemonics and program counter (&lsquo;<samp>PC</samp>&rsquo;) to
output as device program is running.
</p>
<a name="IDX3"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--version</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-v</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print out the version number and exit.
</p>
<a name="IDX4"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--gdbserver</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-g</code></dt>
<dd><p>Run as a gdbserver process.
</p>
<a name="IDX5"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--gdb-debug</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-G</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print out messages for debugging the gdb remote serial protocol interface.
</p>
<a name="IDX6"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--port <var>&lt;port&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-p</code></dt>
<dd><p>Listen for gdb connection on TCP port. If not specified, a default will
be used. Run &lsquo;<samp>simulavr --help</samp>&rsquo; to see what the default is. This
option is ignored if the &lsquo;<samp>--gdbserver</samp>&rsquo; is not specified.
</p>
<a name="IDX7"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--device <var>&lt;dev&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-d</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify device type. The device types available for use with a specific
version of simulavr can be obtained using the &lsquo;<samp>--list-devices</samp>&rsquo; option.
</p>
<a name="IDX8"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--eeprom-image <var>&lt;img&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-e</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify an optional eeprom image file to be loaded into the device's
eeprom memory space.
</p>
<a name="IDX9"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--eeprom-type <var>&lt;type&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-E</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the type of the eeprom image file. If not specified, the default
is binary.
</p>
<a name="IDX10"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--flash-type <var>&lt;type&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-F</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the type of the flash image file. If not specified, the default
is binary.
</p>
<a name="IDX11"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--list-devices</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-L</code></dt>
<dd><p>Prints a list of supported devices to stdout and exits.
</p>
<a name="IDX12"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--disp-prog <var>&lt;prog&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-P</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify a program to be used to display register and memory information
in real time as a child process. The display program can also be
specified by setting the <code>SIM_DISP_PROG</code> environment variable.
</p>
<a name="IDX13"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--without-xterm</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-X</code></dt>
<dd><p>Don't start display coprocess program in an xterm. This is useful if
the display coprocess supplies it's own window for input and output,
such as a process which uses a GUI.
</p>
<a name="IDX14"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--core-dump</code></dt>
<dt> <code>-C</code></dt>
<dd><p>Dump a core memory image to file on exit. This isn't as useful as it
sounds. The display coprocess mechanism is much more informative.
</p>
<a name="IDX15"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--clock-freq <var>&lt;freq&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-c</code></dt>
<dd><p>Set the simulated mcu clock freqency in Hz.
</p>
<a name="IDX16"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>--breakpoint <var>&lt;addr&gt;</var></code></dt>
<dt> <code>-B</code></dt>
<dd><p>Set a breakpoint at <var>&lt;addr&gt;</var>. Note that the break address is
interpreted as a byte address instead of a word address. This makes
it easier on the user since binutils, gcc and gdb all work in terms of
byte addresses. The address can be specified in any base (decimal,
hexidecimal, octal, etc).
</p>
</dd>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 3. Using with GDB </h1>
<p>If you want to use gdb as a source-level debugger with
simulavr running as a remote target, start simulavr with the
&lsquo;<samp>--gdbserver</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>-g</samp>&rsquo; option. This will put simulavr
into gdbserver mode. simulavr will then act as a TCP server
program on the localhost listening for a connection from gdb.
</p>
<p>Once simulavr has accepted a connection from gdb, the two programs
communicate via gdb's remote serial protocol (see <a href="../gdb/index.html#Top">GDB Remote Serial Protocol: (gdb)Top</a> section `Protocol' in <cite>Debugging with GDB</cite>).
</p>
<p>Here's how you would start up simulavr in gdbserver mode:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="example">$ simulavr -d at90s8515 -g
</pre></td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Here's a sample gdb session showing what to do on the gdb
side to get gdb to talk to simulavr:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="example">This GDB was configured as &quot;--host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=avr&quot;.
(gdb) file demo_kr.elf
Reading symbols from demo_kr.elf...done.
(gdb) target remote localhost:1212
Remote debugging using localhost:1212
0x0 in .__start_of_init__ ()
(gdb) load
Loading section .text, size 0x76 lma 0x0
Start address 0x0 , load size 118
Transfer rate: 944 bits in &lt;1 sec, 29 bytes/write.
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x6e: file demo_kr.c, line 17.
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Breakpoint 1, main () at demo_kr.c:17
17 sbi(DDRC, (
(gdb) quit
The program is running. Exit anyway? (y or n) y
</pre></td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
<p>Notice that simulavr knew nothing about the program to debug when it
was started. Gdb was told which file to debug with the &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;
command. After gdb has read in the program and connected to simulavr,
the program's instructions are downloaded into the simulator via the
&lsquo;<samp>load</samp>&rsquo; command. The &lsquo;<samp>load</samp>&rsquo; command is not necessary if
simulavr already has the program loaded into it's flash memory area. It
is ok to issue multiple &lsquo;<samp>load</samp>&rsquo; commands.
</p>
<p>Also, notice that no &lsquo;<samp>run</samp>&rsquo; command was given to gdb. Gdb assumes
that the simulator has started and is ready to continue. Giving gdb the
&lsquo;<samp>run</samp>&rsquo; command, will cause it to stop the current debug session and
start a new one, which is not likely to be what you want to do.
</p>
<p>When specifying the remote target to connect to, it is sufficient to
write &ldquo;target remote :1212&rdquo; instead of &ldquo;target remote localhost:1212&rdquo;.
</p>
<p>Hitting <kbd>CTRL-c</kbd> in gdb can be used to interrupt the simulator while it is
processing instructions and return control back to gdb. This is most
useful when gdb is waiting for a response from the simulator and the
program running in the simulator is in an infinite loop.
</p>
<p>Issuing a &lsquo;<samp>signal SIGxxx</samp>&rsquo; command from gdb will send the signal to
the simulator via a <i>continue with signal</i> packet. The simulator will
process and interpret the signal, but will not pass it on to the AVR
program running in the simulator since it really makes no sense to do
so. In some circumstances, it may make sense to use the gdb signal
mechanism as a way to initiate some sort of external stimulus to be
passed on to the virtual hardware system of the simulator. Signals from
gdb which are processed have the following meanings:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dd><a name="IDX17"></a>
</dd>
<dt> <code>SIGHUP</code></dt>
<dd><p>Initiate a reset of the simulator. (Simulates a hardware reset).
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><a href="simulavr_6.html#SEC6">3.1 GDB Hints</a></td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align="left" valign="top">
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<h2 class="section"> 3.1 GDB Hints </h2>
<p>Since debugging an AVR program with gdb requires gdb to connect to a
remote target (either simulavr or some other debugging tool, such as
avarice), a series of commands must be issued every time gdb is started.
The easiest way around this is to put the commands into a
&lsquo;<tt>.gdbinit</tt>&rsquo; file in the project directory. The following example is
from a &lsquo;<tt>.gdbinit</tt>&rsquo; which I use for many projects.
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="example">
## Print out structures in a sane way
echo (gdb) set print pretty
set print pretty
## Use this for debugging the remote protocol. (Don't use unless
## debugging simulavr or avr-gdb)
#echo (gdb) set debug remote 1\n
#set debug remote 1
## If you don't want specify the program to debug when invoking gdb,
## you can tell gdb to read it in here. The file should be an elf file
## compiled with debugging information (-g for C files and -gstabs for
## asm files).
#echo (gdb) file myprog.elf\n
#file myprog.elf
## Connect to the remote target via a TCP socket on host:port.
echo (gdb) target remote localhost:1212\n
target remote localhost:1212
## If you are using simulavr as the remote target, this will upload
## the program into flash memory for you.
echo (gdb) load\n
load
## Set a break point at the beginning of main().
echo (gdb) break main\n
break main
## Run the program up to the first break point. Gdb's `run` command
## does not work when using a remote target, must use continue.
echo (gdb) continue\n
continue
</pre></td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
<p>As you can see, I <code>echo</code> every command so I can see what gdb has
done when it runs the commands in the &lsquo;<tt>.gdbinit</tt>&rsquo; file.
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<h2 class="section"> 3.2 Building GDB for AVR </h2>
<p>In order to use simulavr as a backend to gdb, you must build a special
AVR version of gdb. All gdb versions starting with gdb-5.2.1
officially support the AVR target. You can just configure gdb with the
<code>--target=avr</code> option. For example, you can use this procedure
to install avr-gdb in /usr/local/bin:
</p>
<table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<pre class="example">$ ./configure --target=avr
$ make
$ su
# make install
# exit
</pre></td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
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<h1 class="chapter"> 4. Display Coprocesses </h1>
<p>This chapter documents the protocol that simulavr uses to pass register
and memory information to a display coprocess.
</p>
<p>A display coprocess is a separate program started by simulavr for the
sole purpose of displaying register and memory information while an AVR
program is running in the simulator. Using a separate program and a
standardized communication protocol, keeps the simulavr code simpler and
allows for a variety of display programs to be used.
</p>
<p>When the user asks simulavr to display register and memory information
during execution, simulavr will start a coprocess to perform the display
work. A pipe will be opened in simulavr into which the data will be
written using the following commands:
</p>
<table>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>q</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Quit.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>r&lt;reg&gt;:&lt;val&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set register to val.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>p&lt;val&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set program counter to val.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>i&lt;reg&gt;:&lt;val&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set io register to val.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>I&lt;reg&gt;:&lt;name&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set io register name.
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>s&lt;addr&gt;,&lt;len&gt;:XX</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set sram addrs to values (one XX pair per addr).
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>e&lt;addr&gt;,&lt;len&gt;:XX</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set eeprom addrs to values (one XX pair per addr).
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>f&lt;addr&gt;,&lt;len&gt;:XXXX</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Set flash addrs to values (one XXXX quad per addr).
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><p> &lsquo;<samp>n&lt;clock_ticks&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p></td><td><p> Update the number of clock ticks.
</p>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>All values are hexidecimal numbers, except for &lt;name&gt; which is a string.
</p>
<p>In order for the display process to know which pipe to read the
information, it must handle either the &lsquo;<samp>--pfd &lt;fd&gt;</samp>&rsquo; option or check
the <code>SIM_PIPE_FD</code> enviroment variable. The value passed using
either method will be the file descriptor number of the pipe from which
the display prgram will read the informtion.
</p>
<p>Simulavr will start all display programs like so (sizes are decimal
numbers of bytes and sram_start is just the decimal address of the
first byte of sram, usually 0x60 [96] or 0x100 [256]):
</p>
<p>&lsquo;<samp>&lt;prog&gt; --pfd &lt;fd&gt; &lt;flash_size&gt; &lt;sram_size&gt; &lt;sram_start&gt; &lt;eeprom_size&gt;</samp>&rsquo;
</p>
<p>The user can specify the display program to use via the
&lsquo;<samp>--disp-prog</samp>&rsquo; option to simulavr or using the <code>SIM_DISP_PROG</code>
environment variable. If both are not specified, then no display will be
used.
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<h1 class="chapter"> 5. Simulavr Internals </h1>
<p>Simulavr internals are documented using the doxygen system to automate
generation of the documentation from the source code comments. The
documentation for the latest release is always available at:
</p>
<p><a href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/download/simulavr/doc/internals_html/">http://savannah.nongnu.org/download/simulavr/doc/internals_html/</a>
</p>
<p>The most up-to-date documents will most likely be those in the source
code itself. If you wish to help develop simulavr, it is highly
recommended that you get the latest source from cvs and consult the
internals documents there.
</p>
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<h1>About This Document</h1>
<p>
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<p>
The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
</p>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th> Button </th>
<th> Name </th>
<th> Go to </th>
<th> From 1.2.3 go to</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ &lt; ] </td>
<td align="center">Back</td>
<td>Previous section in reading order</td>
<td>1.2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ &gt; ] </td>
<td align="center">Forward</td>
<td>Next section in reading order</td>
<td>1.2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ &lt;&lt; ] </td>
<td align="center">FastBack</td>
<td>Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ Up ] </td>
<td align="center">Up</td>
<td>Up section</td>
<td>1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ &gt;&gt; ] </td>
<td align="center">FastForward</td>
<td>Next chapter</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [Top] </td>
<td align="center">Top</td>
<td>Cover (top) of document</td>
<td> &nbsp; </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [Contents] </td>
<td align="center">Contents</td>
<td>Table of contents</td>
<td> &nbsp; </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [Index] </td>
<td align="center">Index</td>
<td>Index</td>
<td> &nbsp; </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"> [ ? ] </td>
<td align="center">About</td>
<td>About (help)</td>
<td> &nbsp; </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
where the <strong> Example </strong> assumes that the current position is at <strong> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </strong> of a document of the following structure:
</p>
<ul>
<li> 1. Section One
<ul>
<li>1.1 Subsection One-One
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1.2 Subsection One-Two
<ul>
<li>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One</li>
<li>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two</li>
<li>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three &nbsp; &nbsp;
<strong>&lt;== Current Position </strong></li>
<li>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1.3 Subsection One-Three
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1.4 Subsection One-Four</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<div class="contents">
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="TOC1" href="simulavr_1.html#SEC1">1. Introduction: What is simulavr?</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC2" href="simulavr_2.html#SEC2">2. Invoking Simulavr</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="TOC3" href="simulavr_3.html#SEC3">2.1 Aliasing</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC4" href="simulavr_4.html#SEC4">2.2 Options</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="TOC5" href="simulavr_5.html#SEC5">3. Using with GDB</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li><a name="TOC6" href="simulavr_6.html#SEC6">3.1 GDB Hints</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC7" href="simulavr_7.html#SEC7">3.2 Building GDB for AVR</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a name="TOC8" href="simulavr_8.html#SEC8">4. Display Coprocesses</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC9" href="simulavr_9.html#SEC9">5. Simulavr Internals</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC10" href="simulavr_10.html#SEC10">6. Reporting Bugs</a></li>
<li><a name="TOC11" href="simulavr_11.html#SEC11">Concept Index</a></li>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC11" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
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This document was generated by <em>eweddington</em> on <em>November, 7 2008</em> using <a href="http://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78</em></a>.
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