arduino-0018-windows
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arduino-0018-windows/hardware/tools/avr/mfile/help.html
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<!-- Help text for mfile.tcl -->
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<!--------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<!-- "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42) (by Poul-Henning Kamp): -->
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<!-- Joerg Wunsch wrote this file. As long as you retain this notice you -->
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<!-- can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and -->
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<!-- you think this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return. -->
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<!--------------------------------------------------------------------------->
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<!-- $Id: help.html,v 2.0 2006/03/21 21:22:12 joerg_wunsch Exp $ -->
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<html>
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<head><title>Mfile help</title></head>
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<body>
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<h1>Simple Makefile generator for AVR-GCC</h1>
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<p>Copyright © 2003, 2004 Jörg Wunsch</p>
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<hr>
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<p>This simple Makefile generator is meant as an aid to quickly
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customize the WinAVR Makefile template, producing a file called
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<tt>Makefile</tt> in the current directory as result.</p>
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<p>The application consists of a (scrollable) text editor widget, and
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a menu bar.</p>
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<p>The <b>File</b> menu has only two entries:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Save</b> writes the contents of the text editor widget to a
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file called <tt>Makefile</tt>. Should any file by that name
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already exist, it will be renamed. Under Unix, a tilde will be
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appended to the old name, all other platforms append a <tt>.bak</tt>
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suffix.
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<li><b>Save As</b> opens a filename selection dialog, and allows
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the user to select a file to save to. After selecting the file
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name, it behaves identical to <b>Save</b>.
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<li><b>Open</b> opens a filename selection dialog, requesting an
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existing file to be opened by the user. This file will be loaded
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into the editor buffer, and the <b>Makefile</b> menu will be
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updated accordingly.
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<li><b>Exit</b> will quit the application. No checks whatsoever
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are done to ensure the user has saved his editing work before.
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</ul>
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<p>The <b>Makefile</b> menu allows customization of the generated
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Makefile. Note that the various menu items described below will only
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be present if the corresponding feature is present in the parsed
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template or input file. This menu is divided into three areas:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Code generation options</b>
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<ul>
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<li>The entry <b>Main file name</b> opens a popup window that asks
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for the basic name of this
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project. This will become the base name for all major output files
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(ELF file, MCU output file, several auxiliary files). By default, it
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will also serve as the name of the primary C source file, with a
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<tt>.c</tt> suffix appended. The popup will be closed by pressing
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<i><Enter></i> in the entry field.
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<li>The entries <b>MCU type</b>, <b>Output format</b>,
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<b>Optimization level</b>,
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and <b>C standard level</b> select possible values out of a
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predefined list. When selecting one of these options, the
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respective Makefile macro will be modified accordingly, and the
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widget will be adjusted so the new values can be seen
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immediately.
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<li>The entry <b>printf() options</b> works similar, only it does
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not modify a Makefile macro of its own but edits the PRINTF_LIB
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macro instead. Note that setting this away from
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<i>none/standard</i> will cause the generated application to
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always include the code for vfprintf() (which is huge),
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regardless of whether the application actually uses any member
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of the printf() family. See the avr-libc documentation for the
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meaning of the different options.
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<li>Likewise, changing the <b>scanf() options</b> changes the
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macro SCANF_LIB, in the same manner. Note that the
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<tt>scanf()</tt> format %[ (string match out of a set of
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characters) will only be present in the floating point version
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since it requires a lot of code, as well as using
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<tt>malloc()</tt> (which is otherwise only required for the
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floating point version).
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<li>The entry <b>C/C++ source file(s)</b> opens a popup that asks
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for a list of C (or C++) source files. C source files get the
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suffix <tt>.c</tt> (lower-case letter c), C++ source files get
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either of <tt>.C</tt> (capital c), <tt>.cxx</tt>, or <tt>.cc</tt>.
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Multiple file names shall be seperated by spaces. A checkbox
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indicates whether the primary C source file name derived from
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the <b>Main file name</b> setting should be included or not.
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The popup will be closed by pressing <i><Enter></i> in the entry
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field.
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<li>The entry <b>Assembler source file(s)</b> works similar
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except there are no default assembler sources to be included.
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Note that assembler source files get the suffix <tt>.S</tt>
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(capital letter s) which means they are being pre-processed by
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the C preprocessor, so <tt>#include</tt> etc. will work. A
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lower-case letter <tt>.s</tt> suffix is considered to be a
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temporary compiler output file, and should not be used here.
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<li>Using <b>External RAM options</b>, several possible variants
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to use external RAM can be selected. This is internally handled
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by editing the EXTMEMOPTS macro which eventually gets added to
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the LDFLAGS during linking. The options are to either use
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external RAM for both, variables (i. e. sections .data and .bss)
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as well as for the heap (dynamic memory for <tt>malloc()</tt>),
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or to leave variables in internal memory and use the external
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RAM only for the heap. In both cases, the stack will always
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remain in internal memory; this is the fastest way, and some
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AVR MCUs have hardware bugs so they would not work when the
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stack is located in external RAM. It can be selected whether
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the external RAM should start at the lowest possible memory
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location (right behind the internal RAM), or at a different
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memory address. Several common memory sizes can be chosen from.
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Obviously, these options are only accessible for MCU types that
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do have an external memory interface.
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<li>The entry <b>Debug format</b> selects one out of the following
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options:
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<ul>
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<li><b>ELF/stabs</b> ELF object files with stabs debugging
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information are currently the native way to debug under Unix
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and/or GDB. This includes any GDB frontend, like Insight or
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DDD.
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<li><b>AVR-COFF</b> Selecting this format will internally also
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generate an ELF/stabs file, but change the Makefile to
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subsequently convert the ELF file into a COFF file that adheres
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to the originally Atmel AVR COFF file format specification.
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This file format is understood by AVR Studio up to 3.x, and
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VMLAB up to 3.9.
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<li><b>AVR-ext-COFF</b> The conversion from internal ELF to
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COFF will be tuned to produce a file according to the later
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AVR "extended" COFF specification by Atmel, understood by AVR
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Studio 4.07 and above, and VMLAB 3.10 and above.
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<li><b>ELF/DWARF-2</b> Create an ELF standard object file with
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DWARF-2 debug information. This is the proposed standard debug
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format for ELF. It is currently Beta, the GNU tools are slowly
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changing towards that standard (though it is not yet known
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whether AVR-GDB will already fully understand the format yet),
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and Atmel has released a beta ELF/DWARF-2 parser for their AVR
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Studio.
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<li><b>AVRdude options</b>
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<ul>
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<li>The entry <b>Programmer</b> allows the selection of
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the programming hardware (parallel port "dongle", or serially
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connected hardware).
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<li>The entry <b>Port</b> selects the serial or parallel
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port AVRdude is going to talk across. This menu item might
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be missing on some operating systems where no default ports
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are known.
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</ul>
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<li><b>Miscellaneous</b>
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<ul>
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<li>By default, the editor widget is read-only, and can only be
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modified by the menu entries mentioned above. By checking the
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<b>Enable Editing of Makefile</b> checkbox, this restriction can be lifted,
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and the widget can be used as a simple standard text editor for
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the generated Makefile. Note that the menu operations mentioned
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above are not guaranteed to work on arbitrary input texts since
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they search for certain patterns in order to implement their
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functionality, so manual editing should always be used as a last
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step before eventually saving the generated Makefile.
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</body>
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<address><hr>
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Jörg Wunsch · <j.gnu@uriah.heep.sax.de> ·
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$Date: 2006/03/21 21:22:12 $</address>
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</html>
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