<html lang="en"> <head> <title>MMIX-Expand - Using as</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="Using as"> <meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7"> <link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> <link rel="up" href="MMIX_002dDependent.html#MMIX_002dDependent" title="MMIX-Dependent"> <link rel="prev" href="MMIX_002dOpts.html#MMIX_002dOpts" title="MMIX-Opts"> <link rel="next" href="MMIX_002dSyntax.html#MMIX_002dSyntax" title="MMIX-Syntax"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as". Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. man end--> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"> <style type="text/css"><!-- pre.display { font-family:inherit } pre.format { font-family:inherit } pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller } pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller } pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller } span.sc { font-variant:small-caps } span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } --></style> </head> <body> <div class="node"> <p> <a name="MMIX_002dExpand"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="MMIX_002dSyntax.html#MMIX_002dSyntax">MMIX-Syntax</a>, Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="MMIX_002dOpts.html#MMIX_002dOpts">MMIX-Opts</a>, Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="MMIX_002dDependent.html#MMIX_002dDependent">MMIX-Dependent</a> <hr><br> </div> <h4 class="subsection">9.23.2 Instruction expansion</h4> <p><a name="index-instruction-expansion_002c-MMIX-1263"></a>When <code>as</code> encounters an instruction with an operand that is either not known or does not fit the operand size of the instruction, <code>as</code> (and <code>ld</code>) will expand the instruction into a sequence of instructions semantically equivalent to the operand fitting the instruction. Expansion will take place for the following instructions: <dl> <dt><span class="samp">GETA</span><dd>Expands to a sequence of four instructions: <code>SETL</code>, <code>INCML</code>, <code>INCMH</code> and <code>INCH</code>. The operand must be a multiple of four. <br><dt>Conditional branches<dd>A branch instruction is turned into a branch with the complemented condition and prediction bit over five instructions; four instructions setting <code>$255</code> to the operand value, which like with <code>GETA</code> must be a multiple of four, and a final <code>GO $255,$255,0</code>. <br><dt><span class="samp">PUSHJ</span><dd>Similar to expansion for conditional branches; four instructions set <code>$255</code> to the operand value, followed by a <code>PUSHGO $255,$255,0</code>. <br><dt><span class="samp">JMP</span><dd>Similar to conditional branches and <code>PUSHJ</code>. The final instruction is <code>GO $255,$255,0</code>. </dl> <p>The linker <code>ld</code> is expected to shrink these expansions for code assembled with <span class="samp">--relax</span> (though not currently implemented). </body></html>