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177 lines
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<p><strong>Reference</strong> <a class='wikilink' href='index.html'>Language</a> | <a class='wikilink' href='Libraries.html'>Libraries</a> | <a class='wikilink' href='Comparison.html'>Comparison</a> | <a class='wikilink' href='Changes.html'>Changes</a>
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<p class='vspace'></p><h2>analogReference(type)</h2>
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<h4>Description</h4>
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<p>Configures the reference voltage used for analog input (i.e. the value used as the top of the input range). The options are:
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><ul><li>DEFAULT: the default analog reference of 5 volts (on 5V Arduino boards) or 3.3 volts (on 3.3V Arduino boards)
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</li><li>INTERNAL: an built-in reference, equal to 1.1 volts on the <span class='wikiword'>ATmega168</span> or <span class='wikiword'>ATmega328</span> and 2.56 volts on the <span class='wikiword'>ATmega8</span> (<em>not available on the Arduino Mega</em>)
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</li><li><span class='wikiword'>INTERNAL1V1</span>: a built-in 1.1V reference (<em>Arduino Mega only</em>)
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</li><li><span class='wikiword'>INTERNAL2V56</span>: a built-in 2.56V reference (<em>Arduino Mega only</em>)
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</li><li>EXTERNAL: the voltage applied to the AREF pin is used as the reference.
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</li></ul><p class='vspace'></p><h4>Parameters</h4>
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<p>type: which type of reference to use (DEFAULT, INTERNAL, <span class='wikiword'>INTERNAL1V1</span>, <span class='wikiword'>INTERNAL2V56</span>, or EXTERNAL).
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><h4>Returns</h4>
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<p>None.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><h4>Note</h4>
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<p>After changing the analog reference, the first few readings from analogRead() may not be accurate.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><h4>Warning</h4>
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<p><strong>If you're using an external reference voltage (applied to the AREF pin), you must set the analog reference to EXTERNAL before calling analogRead().</strong> Otherwise, you will short together the active reference voltage (internally generated) and the AREF pin, possibly damaging the microcontroller on your Arduino board.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><p>Alternatively, you can connect the external reference voltage to the AREF pin through a 5K resistor, allowing you to switch between external and internal reference voltages. Note that the resistor will alter the voltage that gets used as the reference because there is an internal 32K resistor on the AREF pin. The two act as a voltage divider, so, for example, 2.5V applied through the resistor will yield 2.5 * 32 / (32 + 5) = ~2.2V at the AREF pin.
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</p>
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<p class='vspace'></p><h4>See also</h4>
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<ul><li><a class='wikilink' href='http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogInputPins'>Description of the analog input pins</a>
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</li><li><a class='wikilink' href='AnalogRead.html'>analogRead</a>()
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</li></ul><p class='vspace'></p><p><a class='wikilink' href='index.html'>Reference Home</a>
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<p class='vspace'></p><p><em>Corrections, suggestions, and new documentation should be posted to the <a class='urllink' href='http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?board=swbugs' rel='nofollow'>Forum</a>.</em>
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<p class='vspace'></p><p>The text of the Arduino reference is licensed under a
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<a class='urllink' href='http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/' rel='nofollow'>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</a>. Code samples in the reference are released into the public domain.
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