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74 lines
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<title>Debugging - GNU gprof</title>
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This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system.
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<p>
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<a name="Debugging"></a>Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Internals.html#Internals">Internals</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Details.html#Details">Details</a>
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<hr><br>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">9.4 Debugging <code>gprof</code></h3>
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<p>If <code>gprof</code> was compiled with debugging enabled,
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the <span class="samp">-d</span> option triggers debugging output
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(to stdout) which can be helpful in understanding its operation.
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The debugging number specified is interpreted as a sum of the following
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options:
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<dl>
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<dt>2 - Topological sort<dd>Monitor depth-first numbering of symbols during call graph analysis
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<br><dt>4 - Cycles<dd>Shows symbols as they are identified as cycle heads
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<br><dt>16 - Tallying<dd>As the call graph arcs are read, show each arc and how
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the total calls to each function are tallied
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<br><dt>32 - Call graph arc sorting<dd>Details sorting individual parents/children within each call graph entry
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<br><dt>64 - Reading histogram and call graph records<dd>Shows address ranges of histograms as they are read, and each
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call graph arc
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<br><dt>128 - Symbol table<dd>Reading, classifying, and sorting the symbol table from the object file.
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For line-by-line profiling (<span class="samp">-l</span> option), also shows line numbers
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being assigned to memory addresses.
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<br><dt>256 - Static call graph<dd>Trace operation of <span class="samp">-c</span> option
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<br><dt>512 - Symbol table and arc table lookups<dd>Detail operation of lookup routines
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<br><dt>1024 - Call graph propagation<dd>Shows how function times are propagated along the call graph
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<br><dt>2048 - Basic-blocks<dd>Shows basic-block records as they are read from profile data
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(only meaningful with <span class="samp">-l</span> option)
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<br><dt>4096 - Symspecs<dd>Shows symspec-to-symbol pattern matching operation
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<br><dt>8192 - Annotate source<dd>Tracks operation of <span class="samp">-A</span> option
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</dl>
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</body></html>
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