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<a name="objdump"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="ranlib.html#ranlib">ranlib</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="objcopy.html#objcopy">objcopy</a>,
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<h2 class="chapter">4 objdump</h2>
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<p><a name="index-object-file-information-57"></a><a name="index-objdump-58"></a>
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<!-- man title objdump display information from object files. -->
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<pre class="smallexample"> <!-- man begin SYNOPSIS objdump -->
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objdump [<span class="option">-a</span>|<span class="option">--archive-headers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-b</span> <var>bfdname</var>|<span class="option">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var>]
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[<span class="option">-C</span>|<span class="option">--demangle</span>[=<var>style</var>] ]
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[<span class="option">-d</span>|<span class="option">--disassemble</span>]
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[<span class="option">-D</span>|<span class="option">--disassemble-all</span>]
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[<span class="option">-z</span>|<span class="option">--disassemble-zeroes</span>]
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[<span class="option">-EB</span>|<span class="option">-EL</span>|<span class="option">--endian=</span>{big | little }]
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[<span class="option">-f</span>|<span class="option">--file-headers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-F</span>|<span class="option">--file-offsets</span>]
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[<span class="option">--file-start-context</span>]
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[<span class="option">-g</span>|<span class="option">--debugging</span>]
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[<span class="option">-e</span>|<span class="option">--debugging-tags</span>]
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[<span class="option">-h</span>|<span class="option">--section-headers</span>|<span class="option">--headers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-i</span>|<span class="option">--info</span>]
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[<span class="option">-j</span> <var>section</var>|<span class="option">--section=</span><var>section</var>]
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[<span class="option">-l</span>|<span class="option">--line-numbers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-S</span>|<span class="option">--source</span>]
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[<span class="option">-m</span> <var>machine</var>|<span class="option">--architecture=</span><var>machine</var>]
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[<span class="option">-M</span> <var>options</var>|<span class="option">--disassembler-options=</span><var>options</var>]
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[<span class="option">-p</span>|<span class="option">--private-headers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-r</span>|<span class="option">--reloc</span>]
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[<span class="option">-R</span>|<span class="option">--dynamic-reloc</span>]
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[<span class="option">-s</span>|<span class="option">--full-contents</span>]
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[<span class="option">-W</span>|<span class="option">--dwarf</span>]
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[<span class="option">-G</span>|<span class="option">--stabs</span>]
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[<span class="option">-t</span>|<span class="option">--syms</span>]
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[<span class="option">-T</span>|<span class="option">--dynamic-syms</span>]
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[<span class="option">-x</span>|<span class="option">--all-headers</span>]
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[<span class="option">-w</span>|<span class="option">--wide</span>]
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[<span class="option">--start-address=</span><var>address</var>]
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[<span class="option">--stop-address=</span><var>address</var>]
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[<span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span>]
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[<span class="option">--[no-]show-raw-insn</span>]
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[<span class="option">--adjust-vma=</span><var>offset</var>]
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[<span class="option">--special-syms</span>]
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[<span class="option">-V</span>|<span class="option">--version</span>]
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[<span class="option">-H</span>|<span class="option">--help</span>]
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<var>objfile</var>...
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<!-- man end -->
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</pre>
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<!-- man begin DESCRIPTION objdump -->
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<p><span class="command">objdump</span> displays information about one or more object files.
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The options control what particular information to display. This
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information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
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compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
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program to compile and work.
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<p><var>objfile</var><small class="dots">...</small> are the object files to be examined. When you
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specify archives, <span class="command">objdump</span> shows information on each of the member
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object files.
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<!-- man end -->
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<!-- man begin OPTIONS objdump -->
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<p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
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equivalent. At least one option from the list
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<span class="option">-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x</span> must be given.
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="env">-a</span><dt><span class="env">--archive-header</span><dd><a name="index-archive-headers-59"></a>If any of the <var>objfile</var> files are archives, display the archive
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header information (in a format similar to <span class="samp">ls -l</span>). Besides the
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information you could list with <span class="samp">ar tv</span>, <span class="samp">objdump -a</span> shows
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the object file format of each archive member.
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<br><dt><span class="env">--adjust-vma=</span><var>offset</var><dd><a name="index-section-addresses-in-objdump-60"></a><a name="index-VMA-in-objdump-61"></a>When dumping information, first add <var>offset</var> to all the section
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addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to
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the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular
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addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses,
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such as a.out.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-b </span><var>bfdname</var><dt><span class="env">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var><dd><a name="index-object-code-format-62"></a>Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
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<var>bfdname</var>. This option may not be necessary; <var>objdump</var> can
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automatically recognize many formats.
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<p>For example,
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<pre class="example"> objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o
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</pre>
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<p class="noindent">displays summary information from the section headers (<span class="option">-h</span>) of
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<span class="file">fu.o</span>, which is explicitly identified (<span class="option">-m</span>) as a VAX object
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file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
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formats available with the <span class="option">-i</span> option.
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See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-C</span><dt><span class="env">--demangle[=</span><var>style</var><span class="env">]</span><dd><a name="index-demangling-in-objdump-63"></a>Decode (<dfn>demangle</dfn>) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
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Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
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makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different
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mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
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choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>,
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for more information on demangling.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-g</span><dt><span class="env">--debugging</span><dd>Display debugging information. This attempts to parse STABS and IEEE
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debugging format information stored in the file and print it out using
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a C like syntax. If neither of these formats are found this option
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falls back on the <span class="option">-W</span> option to print any DWARF information in
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the file.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-e</span><dt><span class="env">--debugging-tags</span><dd>Like <span class="option">-g</span>, but the information is generated in a format compatible
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with ctags tool.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-d</span><dt><span class="env">--disassemble</span><dd><a name="index-disassembling-object-code-64"></a><a name="index-machine-instructions-65"></a>Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from
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<var>objfile</var>. This option only disassembles those sections which are
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expected to contain instructions.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-D</span><dt><span class="env">--disassemble-all</span><dd>Like <span class="option">-d</span>, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
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those expected to contain instructions.
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<br><dt><span class="env">--prefix-addresses</span><dd>When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is
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the older disassembly format.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-EB</span><dt><span class="env">-EL</span><dt><span class="env">--endian={big|little}</span><dd><a name="index-endianness-66"></a><a name="index-disassembly-endianness-67"></a>Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects
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disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which
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does not describe endianness information, such as S-records.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-f</span><dt><span class="env">--file-headers</span><dd><a name="index-object-file-header-68"></a>Display summary information from the overall header of
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each of the <var>objfile</var> files.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-F</span><dt><span class="env">--file-offsets</span><dd><a name="index-object-file-offsets-69"></a>When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is displayed, also
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display the file offset of the region of data that is about to be
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dumped. If zeroes are being skipped, then when disassembly resumes,
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tell the user how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the
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location from where the disassembly resumes. When dumping sections,
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display the file offset of the location from where the dump starts.
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<br><dt><span class="env">--file-start-context</span><dd><a name="index-source-code-context-70"></a>Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
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(assumes <span class="option">-S</span>) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the
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context to the start of the file.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-h</span><dt><span class="env">--section-headers</span><dt><span class="env">--headers</span><dd><a name="index-section-headers-71"></a>Display summary information from the section headers of the
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object file.
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<p>File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by
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using the <span class="option">-Ttext</span>, <span class="option">-Tdata</span>, or <span class="option">-Tbss</span> options to
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<span class="command">ld</span>. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
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store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations,
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although <span class="command">ld</span> relocates the sections correctly, using <span class="samp">objdump
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-h</span> to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
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Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
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target.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-H</span><dt><span class="env">--help</span><dd>Print a summary of the options to <span class="command">objdump</span> and exit.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-i</span><dt><span class="env">--info</span><dd><a name="index-architectures-available-72"></a><a name="index-object-formats-available-73"></a>Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
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for specification with <span class="option">-b</span> or <span class="option">-m</span>.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-j </span><var>name</var><dt><span class="env">--section=</span><var>name</var><dd><a name="index-section-information-74"></a>Display information only for section <var>name</var>.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-l</span><dt><span class="env">--line-numbers</span><dd><a name="index-source-filenames-for-object-files-75"></a>Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and
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source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown.
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Only useful with <span class="option">-d</span>, <span class="option">-D</span>, or <span class="option">-r</span>.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-m </span><var>machine</var><dt><span class="env">--architecture=</span><var>machine</var><dd><a name="index-architecture-76"></a><a name="index-disassembly-architecture-77"></a>Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This
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can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe
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architecture information, such as S-records. You can list the available
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architectures with the <span class="option">-i</span> option.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-M </span><var>options</var><dt><span class="env">--disassembler-options=</span><var>options</var><dd>Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on
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some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one
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disassembler option then multiple <span class="option">-M</span> options can be used or
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can be placed together into a comma separated list.
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<p>If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch can be used to
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select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying
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<span class="option">-M reg-names-std</span> (the default) will select the register names as
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used in ARM's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
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'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying
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<span class="option">-M reg-names-apcs</span> will select the name set used by the ARM
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Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying <span class="option">-M reg-names-raw</span> will
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just use <span class="samp">r</span> followed by the register number.
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<p>There are also two variants on the APCS register naming scheme enabled
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by <span class="option">-M reg-names-atpcs</span> and <span class="option">-M reg-names-special-atpcs</span> which
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use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either
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with the normal register names or the special register names).
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<p>This option can also be used for ARM architectures to force the
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disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
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using the switch <span class="option">--disassembler-options=force-thumb</span>. This can be
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useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
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compilers.
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<p>For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the <span class="option">-m</span>
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switch, but allow finer grained control. Multiple selections from the
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following may be specified as a comma separated string.
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<span class="option">x86-64</span>, <span class="option">i386</span> and <span class="option">i8086</span> select disassembly for
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the given architecture. <span class="option">intel</span> and <span class="option">att</span> select between
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intel syntax mode and AT&T syntax mode.
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<span class="option">intel-mnemonic</span> and <span class="option">att-mnemonic</span> select between
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intel mnemonic mode and AT&T mnemonic mode. <span class="option">intel-mnemonic</span>
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implies <span class="option">intel</span> and <span class="option">att-mnemonic</span> implies <span class="option">att</span>.
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<span class="option">addr64</span>, <span class="option">addr32</span>,
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<span class="option">addr16</span>, <span class="option">data32</span> and <span class="option">data16</span> specify the default
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address size and operand size. These four options will be overridden if
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<span class="option">x86-64</span>, <span class="option">i386</span> or <span class="option">i8086</span> appear later in the
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option string. Lastly, <span class="option">suffix</span>, when in AT&T mode,
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instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
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suffix could be inferred by the operands.
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<p>For PPC, <span class="option">booke</span>, <span class="option">booke32</span> and <span class="option">booke64</span> select
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disassembly of BookE instructions. <span class="option">32</span> and <span class="option">64</span> select
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PowerPC and PowerPC64 disassembly, respectively. <span class="option">e300</span>
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selects disassembly for the e300 family. <span class="option">440</span> selects
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disassembly for the PowerPC 440. <span class="option">ppcps</span> selects disassembly
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for the paired single instructions of the PPC750CL.
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<p>For MIPS, this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic
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names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple
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selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
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string, and invalid options are ignored:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>no-aliases</code><dd>Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo
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instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move',
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'sll' instead of 'nop', etc.
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<br><dt><code>gpr-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print GPR (general-purpose register) names as appropriate
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for the specified ABI. By default, GPR names are selected according to
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the ABI of the binary being disassembled.
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<br><dt><code>fpr-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print FPR (floating-point register) names as
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appropriate for the specified ABI. By default, FPR numbers are printed
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rather than names.
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<br><dt><code>cp0-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print CP0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
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as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
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<var>ARCH</var>. By default, CP0 register names are selected according to
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the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
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<br><dt><code>hwr-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print HWR (hardware register, used by the <code>rdhwr</code> instruction) names
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as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
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<var>ARCH</var>. By default, HWR names are selected according to
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the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
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<br><dt><code>reg-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print GPR and FPR names as appropriate for the selected ABI.
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<br><dt><code>reg-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print CPU-specific register names (CP0 register and HWR names)
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as appropriate for the selected CPU or architecture.
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</dl>
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<p>For any of the options listed above, <var>ABI</var> or
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<var>ARCH</var> may be specified as <span class="samp">numeric</span> to have numbers printed
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rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
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You can list the available values of <var>ABI</var> and <var>ARCH</var> using
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the <span class="option">--help</span> option.
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<p>For VAX, you can specify function entry addresses with <span class="option">-M
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entry:0xf00ba</span>. You can use this multiple times to properly
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disassemble VAX binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like
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ROM dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
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be decoded as VAX instructions, which would probably lead the rest
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of the function being wrongly disassembled.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-p</span><dt><span class="env">--private-headers</span><dd>Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact
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information printed depends upon the object file format. For some
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object file formats, no additional information is printed.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-r</span><dt><span class="env">--reloc</span><dd><a name="index-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file-78"></a>Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with <span class="option">-d</span> or
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<span class="option">-D</span>, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
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disassembly.
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<br><dt><span class="env">-R</span><dt><span class="env">--dynamic-reloc</span><dd><a name="index-dynamic-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file-79"></a>Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only
|
|
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
|
|
libraries.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-s</span><dt><span class="env">--full-contents</span><dd><a name="index-sections_002c-full-contents-80"></a><a name="index-object-file-sections-81"></a>Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all
|
|
non-empty sections are displayed.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-S</span><dt><span class="env">--source</span><dd><a name="index-source-disassembly-82"></a><a name="index-disassembly_002c-with-source-83"></a>Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies
|
|
<span class="option">-d</span>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">--show-raw-insn</span><dd>When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as
|
|
in symbolic form. This is the default except when
|
|
<span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span> is used.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">--no-show-raw-insn</span><dd>When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
|
|
This is the default when <span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span> is used.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-W</span><dt><span class="env">--dwarf</span><dd><a name="index-DWARF-84"></a><a name="index-debug-symbols-85"></a>Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any
|
|
are present.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-G</span><dt><span class="env">--stabs</span><dd><a name="index-stab-86"></a><a name="index-_002estab-87"></a><a name="index-debug-symbols-88"></a><a name="index-ELF-object-file-format-89"></a>Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the
|
|
contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
|
|
ELF file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
|
|
<code>.stab</code> debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF
|
|
section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
|
|
interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the <span class="option">--syms</span>
|
|
output.
|
|
For more information on stabs symbols, see <a href="../stabs/index.html#Top">Stabs (The “stabs” debug format)</a>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">--start-address=</span><var>address</var><dd><a name="index-start_002daddress-90"></a>Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
|
|
of the <span class="option">-d</span>, <span class="option">-r</span> and <span class="option">-s</span> options.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">--stop-address=</span><var>address</var><dd><a name="index-stop_002daddress-91"></a>Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output
|
|
of the <span class="option">-d</span>, <span class="option">-r</span> and <span class="option">-s</span> options.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-t</span><dt><span class="env">--syms</span><dd><a name="index-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing-92"></a>Print the symbol table entries of the file.
|
|
This is similar to the information provided by the <span class="samp">nm</span> program,
|
|
although the display format is different. The format of the output
|
|
depends upon the format of the file being dumped, but there are two main
|
|
types. One looks like this:
|
|
|
|
<pre class="smallexample"> [ 4](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss
|
|
[ 6](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>where the number inside the square brackets is the number of the entry
|
|
in the symbol table, the <var>sec</var> number is the section number, the
|
|
<var>fl</var> value are the symbol's flag bits, the <var>ty</var> number is the
|
|
symbol's type, the <var>scl</var> number is the symbol's storage class and
|
|
the <var>nx</var> value is the number of auxilary entries associated with
|
|
the symbol. The last two fields are the symbol's value and its name.
|
|
|
|
<p>The other common output format, usually seen with ELF based files,
|
|
looks like this:
|
|
|
|
<pre class="smallexample"> 00000000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss
|
|
00000000 g .text 00000000 fred
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>Here the first number is the symbol's value (sometimes refered to as
|
|
its address). The next field is actually a set of characters and
|
|
spaces indicating the flag bits that are set on the symbol. These
|
|
characters are described below. Next is the section with which the
|
|
symbol is associated or <em>*ABS*</em> if the section is absolute (ie
|
|
not connected with any section), or <em>*UND*</em> if the section is
|
|
referenced in the file being dumped, but not defined there.
|
|
|
|
<p>After the section name comes another field, a number, which for common
|
|
symbols is the alignment and for other symbol is the size. Finally
|
|
the symbol's name is displayed.
|
|
|
|
<p>The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as follows:
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>l</code><dt><code>g</code><dt><code>!</code><dd>The symbol is local (l), global (g), neither (a space) or both (!). A
|
|
symbol can be neither local or global for a variety of reasons, e.g.,
|
|
because it is used for debugging, but it is probably an indication of
|
|
a bug if it is ever both local and global.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>w</code><dd>The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space).
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>C</code><dd>The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary symbol (a space).
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>W</code><dd>The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a space). A warning
|
|
symbol's name is a message to be displayed if the symbol following the
|
|
warning symbol is ever referenced.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>I</code><dd>The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol (I) or a normal
|
|
symbol (a space).
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>d</code><dt><code>D</code><dd>The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic symbol (D) or a
|
|
normal symbol (a space).
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><code>F</code><br><dt><code>f</code><br><dt><code>O</code><dd>The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file (f) or an object
|
|
(O) or just a normal symbol (a space).
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-T</span><dt><span class="env">--dynamic-syms</span><dd><a name="index-dynamic-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing-93"></a>Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only
|
|
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
|
|
libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the <span class="samp">nm</span>
|
|
program when given the <span class="option">-D</span> (<span class="option">--dynamic</span>) option.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">--special-syms</span><dd>When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
|
|
special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
|
|
user.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-V</span><dt><span class="env">--version</span><dd>Print the version number of <span class="command">objdump</span> and exit.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-x</span><dt><span class="env">--all-headers</span><dd><a name="index-all-header-information_002c-object-file-94"></a><a name="index-header-information_002c-all-95"></a>Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
|
|
relocation entries. Using <span class="option">-x</span> is equivalent to specifying all of
|
|
<span class="option">-a -f -h -p -r -t</span>.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-w</span><dt><span class="env">--wide</span><dd><a name="index-wide-output_002c-printing-96"></a>Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
|
|
Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
|
|
|
|
<br><dt><span class="env">-z</span><dt><span class="env">--disassemble-zeroes</span><dd>Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This
|
|
option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
|
|
any other data.
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<!-- man end -->
|
|
</body></html>
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|
|