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This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".
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Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002,
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2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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<a name="TIC54X_002dDirectives"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="TIC54X_002dMacros.html#TIC54X_002dMacros">TIC54X-Macros</a>,
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="TIC54X_002dExt.html#TIC54X_002dExt">TIC54X-Ext</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="TIC54X_002dDependent.html#TIC54X_002dDependent">TIC54X-Dependent</a>
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<h4 class="subsection">9.31.9 Directives</h4>
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<p><a name="index-machine-directives_002c-TIC54X-1581"></a><a name="index-TIC54X-machine-directives-1582"></a>
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<a name="index-_0040code_007balign_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1583"></a>
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<a name="index-_0040code_007beven_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1584"></a>
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<dl><dt><code>.align [</code><var>size</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.even</code><dd>Align the section program counter on the next boundary, based on
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<var>size</var>. <var>size</var> may be any power of 2. <code>.even</code> is
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equivalent to <code>.align</code> with a <var>size</var> of 2.
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<dl>
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<dt><code>1</code><dd>Align SPC to word boundary
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<br><dt><code>2</code><dd>Align SPC to longword boundary (same as .even)
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<br><dt><code>128</code><dd>Align SPC to page boundary
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</dl>
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007basg_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1585"></a><br><dt><code>.asg </code><var>string</var><code>, </code><var>name</var><dd>Assign <var>name</var> the string <var>string</var>. String replacement is
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performed on <var>string</var> before assignment.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007beval_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1586"></a><dt><code>.eval </code><var>string</var><code>, </code><var>name</var><dd>Evaluate the contents of string <var>string</var> and assign the result as a
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string to the subsym <var>name</var>. String replacement is performed on
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<var>string</var> before assignment.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bbss_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1587"></a><br><dt><code>.bss </code><var>symbol</var><code>, </code><var>size</var><code> [, [</code><var>blocking_flag</var><code>] [,</code><var>alignment_flag</var><code>]]</code><dd>Reserve space for <var>symbol</var> in the .bss section. <var>size</var> is in
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words. If present, <var>blocking_flag</var> indicates the allocated space
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should be aligned on a page boundary if it would otherwise cross a page
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boundary. If present, <var>alignment_flag</var> causes the assembler to
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allocate <var>size</var> on a long word boundary.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bbyte_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1588"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bubyte_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1589"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bchar_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1590"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007buchar_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1591"></a><br><dt><code>.byte </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.ubyte </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.char </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.uchar </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Place one or more bytes into consecutive words of the current section.
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The upper 8 bits of each word is zero-filled. If a label is used, it
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points to the word allocated for the first byte encountered.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bclink_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1592"></a><br><dt><code>.clink ["</code><var>section_name</var><code>"]</code><dd>Set STYP_CLINK flag for this section, which indicates to the linker that
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if no symbols from this section are referenced, the section should not
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be included in the link. If <var>section_name</var> is omitted, the current
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section is used.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bc_005fmode_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1593"></a><br><dt><code>.c_mode</code><dd>TBD.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bcopy_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1594"></a><br><dt><code>.copy "</code><var>filename</var><code>" | </code><var>filename</var><dt><code>.include "</code><var>filename</var><code>" | </code><var>filename</var><dd>Read source statements from <var>filename</var>. The normal include search
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path is used. Normally .copy will cause statements from the included
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file to be printed in the assembly listing and .include will not, but
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this distinction is not currently implemented.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bdata_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1595"></a><br><dt><code>.data</code><dd>Begin assembling code into the .data section.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bdouble_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1596"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bldouble_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1597"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bfloat_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1598"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bxfloat_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1599"></a><br><dt><code>.double </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.ldouble </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.float </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.xfloat </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Place an IEEE single-precision floating-point representation of one or
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more floating-point values into the current section. All but
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<code>.xfloat</code> align the result on a longword boundary. Values are
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stored most-significant word first.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bdrlist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1600"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bdrnolist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1601"></a><br><dt><code>.drlist</code><dt><code>.drnolist</code><dd>Control printing of directives to the listing file. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bemsg_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1602"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bmmsg_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1603"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bwmsg_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1604"></a><br><dt><code>.emsg </code><var>string</var><dt><code>.mmsg </code><var>string</var><dt><code>.wmsg </code><var>string</var><dd>Emit a user-defined error, message, or warning, respectively.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bfar_005fmode_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1605"></a><br><dt><code>.far_mode</code><dd>Use extended addressing when assembling statements. This should appear
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only once per file, and is equivalent to the -mfar-mode option see <a href="TIC54X_002dOpts.html#TIC54X_002dOpts"><code>-mfar-mode</code></a>.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bfclist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1606"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bfcnolist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1607"></a><br><dt><code>.fclist</code><dt><code>.fcnolist</code><dd>Control printing of false conditional blocks to the listing file.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bfield_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1608"></a><br><dt><code>.field </code><var>value</var><code> [,</code><var>size</var><code>]</code><dd>Initialize a bitfield of <var>size</var> bits in the current section. If
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<var>value</var> is relocatable, then <var>size</var> must be 16. <var>size</var>
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defaults to 16 bits. If <var>value</var> does not fit into <var>size</var> bits,
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the value will be truncated. Successive <code>.field</code> directives will
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pack starting at the current word, filling the most significant bits
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first, and aligning to the start of the next word if the field size does
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not fit into the space remaining in the current word. A <code>.align</code>
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directive with an operand of 1 will force the next <code>.field</code>
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directive to begin packing into a new word. If a label is used, it
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points to the word that contains the specified field.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bglobal_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1609"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bdef_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1610"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bref_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1611"></a><br><dt><code>.global </code><var>symbol</var><code> [,...,</code><var>symbol_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.def </code><var>symbol</var><code> [,...,</code><var>symbol_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.ref </code><var>symbol</var><code> [,...,</code><var>symbol_n</var><code>]</code><dd><code>.def</code> nominally identifies a symbol defined in the current file
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and available to other files. <code>.ref</code> identifies a symbol used in
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the current file but defined elsewhere. Both map to the standard
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<code>.global</code> directive.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bhalf_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1612"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007buhalf_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1613"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bshort_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1614"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bushort_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1615"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bint_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1616"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007buint_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1617"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bword_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1618"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007buword_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1619"></a><br><dt><code>.half </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.uhalf </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.short </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.ushort </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.int </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.uint </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.word </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.uword </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Place one or more values into consecutive words of the current section.
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If a label is used, it points to the word allocated for the first value
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encountered.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007blabel_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1620"></a><br><dt><code>.label </code><var>symbol</var><dd>Define a special <var>symbol</var> to refer to the load time address of the
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current section program counter.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007blength_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1621"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bwidth_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1622"></a><br><dt><code>.length</code><dt><code>.width</code><dd>Set the page length and width of the output listing file. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007blist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1623"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bnolist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1624"></a><br><dt><code>.list</code><dt><code>.nolist</code><dd>Control whether the source listing is printed. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007blong_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1625"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bulong_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1626"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bxlong_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1627"></a><br><dt><code>.long </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.ulong </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.xlong </code><var>value</var><code> [,...,</code><var>value_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Place one or more 32-bit values into consecutive words in the current
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section. The most significant word is stored first. <code>.long</code> and
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<code>.ulong</code> align the result on a longword boundary; <code>xlong</code> does
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not.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bloop_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1628"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bbreak_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1629"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bendloop_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1630"></a><br><dt><code>.loop [</code><var>count</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.break [</code><var>condition</var><code>]</code><dt><code>.endloop</code><dd>Repeatedly assemble a block of code. <code>.loop</code> begins the block, and
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<code>.endloop</code> marks its termination. <var>count</var> defaults to 1024,
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and indicates the number of times the block should be repeated.
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<code>.break</code> terminates the loop so that assembly begins after the
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<code>.endloop</code> directive. The optional <var>condition</var> will cause the
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loop to terminate only if it evaluates to zero.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bmacro_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1631"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bendm_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1632"></a><br><dt><var>macro_name</var><code> .macro [</code><var>param1</var><code>][,...</code><var>param_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[.mexit]</code><dt><code>.endm</code><dd>See the section on macros for more explanation (See <a href="TIC54X_002dMacros.html#TIC54X_002dMacros">TIC54X-Macros</a>.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bmlib_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1633"></a><br><dt><code>.mlib "</code><var>filename</var><code>" | </code><var>filename</var><dd>Load the macro library <var>filename</var>. <var>filename</var> must be an
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archived library (BFD ar-compatible) of text files, expected to contain
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only macro definitions. The standard include search path is used.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bmlist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1634"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bmnolist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1635"></a><br><dt><code>.mlist</code><br><dt><code>.mnolist</code><dd>Control whether to include macro and loop block expansions in the
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listing output. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bmmregs_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1636"></a><br><dt><code>.mmregs</code><dd>Define global symbolic names for the 'c54x registers. Supposedly
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equivalent to executing <code>.set</code> directives for each register with
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its memory-mapped value, but in reality is provided only for
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compatibility and does nothing.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bnewblock_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1637"></a><br><dt><code>.newblock</code><dd>This directive resets any TIC54X local labels currently defined. Normal
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<code>as</code> local labels are unaffected.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007boption_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1638"></a><br><dt><code>.option </code><var>option_list</var><dd>Set listing options. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bsblock_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1639"></a><br><dt><code>.sblock "</code><var>section_name</var><code>" | </code><var>section_name</var><code> [,"</code><var>name_n</var><code>" | </code><var>name_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Designate <var>section_name</var> for blocking. Blocking guarantees that a
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section will start on a page boundary (128 words) if it would otherwise
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cross a page boundary. Only initialized sections may be designated with
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this directive. See also See <a href="TIC54X_002dBlock.html#TIC54X_002dBlock">TIC54X-Block</a>.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bsect_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1640"></a><br><dt><code>.sect "</code><var>section_name</var><code>"</code><dd>Define a named initialized section and make it the current section.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bset_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1641"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bequ_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1642"></a><br><dt><var>symbol</var><code> .set "</code><var>value</var><code>"</code><dt><var>symbol</var><code> .equ "</code><var>value</var><code>"</code><dd>Equate a constant <var>value</var> to a <var>symbol</var>, which is placed in the
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symbol table. <var>symbol</var> may not be previously defined.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bspace_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1643"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bbes_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1644"></a><br><dt><code>.space </code><var>size_in_bits</var><dt><code>.bes </code><var>size_in_bits</var><dd>Reserve the given number of bits in the current section and zero-fill
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them. If a label is used with <code>.space</code>, it points to the
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<strong>first</strong> word reserved. With <code>.bes</code>, the label points to the
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<strong>last</strong> word reserved.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bsslist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1645"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bssnolist_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1646"></a><br><dt><code>.sslist</code><dt><code>.ssnolist</code><dd>Controls the inclusion of subsym replacement in the listing output. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bstring_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1647"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bpstring_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1648"></a><br><dt><code>.string "</code><var>string</var><code>" [,...,"</code><var>string_n</var><code>"]</code><dt><code>.pstring "</code><var>string</var><code>" [,...,"</code><var>string_n</var><code>"]</code><dd>Place 8-bit characters from <var>string</var> into the current section.
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<code>.string</code> zero-fills the upper 8 bits of each word, while
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<code>.pstring</code> puts two characters into each word, filling the
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most-significant bits first. Unused space is zero-filled. If a label
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is used, it points to the first word initialized.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bstruct_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1649"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007btag_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1650"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bendstruct_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1651"></a><br><dt><code>[</code><var>stag</var><code>] .struct [</code><var>offset</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_1</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_1</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_2</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_2</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>tname</var><code>] .tag </code><var>stagx</var><code> [</code><var>tcount</var><code>]</code><dt><code>...</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_n</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>ssize</var><code>] .endstruct</code><dt><var>label</var><code> .tag [</code><var>stag</var><code>]</code><dd>Assign symbolic offsets to the elements of a structure. <var>stag</var>
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defines a symbol to use to reference the structure. <var>offset</var>
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indicates a starting value to use for the first element encountered;
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otherwise it defaults to zero. Each element can have a named offset,
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<var>name</var>, which is a symbol assigned the value of the element's offset
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into the structure. If <var>stag</var> is missing, these become global
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symbols. <var>count</var> adjusts the offset that many times, as if
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<code>element</code> were an array. <code>element</code> may be one of
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<code>.byte</code>, <code>.word</code>, <code>.long</code>, <code>.float</code>, or any
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equivalent of those, and the structure offset is adjusted accordingly.
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<code>.field</code> and <code>.string</code> are also allowed; the size of
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<code>.field</code> is one bit, and <code>.string</code> is considered to be one
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word in size. Only element descriptors, structure/union tags,
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<code>.align</code> and conditional assembly directives are allowed within
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<code>.struct</code>/<code>.endstruct</code>. <code>.align</code> aligns member offsets
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to word boundaries only. <var>ssize</var>, if provided, will always be
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assigned the size of the structure.
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<p>The <code>.tag</code> directive, in addition to being used to define a
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structure/union element within a structure, may be used to apply a
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structure to a symbol. Once applied to <var>label</var>, the individual
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structure elements may be applied to <var>label</var> to produce the desired
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offsets using <var>label</var> as the structure base.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007btab_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1652"></a><br><dt><code>.tab</code><dd>Set the tab size in the output listing. Ignored.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bunion_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1653"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007btag_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1654"></a><a name="index-_0040code_007bendunion_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1655"></a><br><dt><code>[</code><var>utag</var><code>] .union</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_1</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_1</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_2</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_2</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>tname</var><code>] .tag </code><var>utagx</var><code>[,</code><var>tcount</var><code>]</code><dt><code>...</code><dt><code>[</code><var>name_n</var><code>] element [</code><var>count_n</var><code>]</code><dt><code>[</code><var>usize</var><code>] .endstruct</code><dt><var>label</var><code> .tag [</code><var>utag</var><code>]</code><dd>Similar to <code>.struct</code>, but the offset after each element is reset to
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zero, and the <var>usize</var> is set to the maximum of all defined elements.
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Starting offset for the union is always zero.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007busect_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1656"></a><br><dt><code>[</code><var>symbol</var><code>] .usect "</code><var>section_name</var><code>", </code><var>size</var><code>, [,[</code><var>blocking_flag</var><code>] [,</code><var>alignment_flag</var><code>]]</code><dd>Reserve space for variables in a named, uninitialized section (similar to
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.bss). <code>.usect</code> allows definitions sections independent of .bss.
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<var>symbol</var> points to the first location reserved by this allocation.
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The symbol may be used as a variable name. <var>size</var> is the allocated
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size in words. <var>blocking_flag</var> indicates whether to block this
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section on a page boundary (128 words) (see <a href="TIC54X_002dBlock.html#TIC54X_002dBlock">TIC54X-Block</a>).
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<var>alignment flag</var> indicates whether the section should be
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longword-aligned.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bvar_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1657"></a><br><dt><code>.var </code><var>sym</var><code>[,..., </code><var>sym_n</var><code>]</code><dd>Define a subsym to be a local variable within a macro. See
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See <a href="TIC54X_002dMacros.html#TIC54X_002dMacros">TIC54X-Macros</a>.
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<p><a name="index-_0040code_007bversion_007d-directive_002c-TIC54X-1658"></a><br><dt><code>.version </code><var>version</var><dd>Set which processor to build instructions for. Though the following
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values are accepted, the op is ignored.
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<dl>
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<dt><code>541</code><dt><code>542</code><dt><code>543</code><dt><code>545</code><dt><code>545LP</code><dt><code>546LP</code><dt><code>548</code><dt><code>549</code><dd></dl>
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</dl>
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</body></html>
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