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<title>ar cmdline - GNU Binary Utilities</title>
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<p>
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<a name="ar-cmdline"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="ar-scripts.html#ar-scripts">ar scripts</a>,
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="ar.html#ar">ar</a>
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<hr><br>
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</div>
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<h3 class="section">1.1 Controlling <span class="command">ar</span> on the Command Line</h3>
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<pre class="smallexample"> <!-- man begin SYNOPSIS ar -->
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ar [<span class="option">-X32_64</span>] [<span class="option">-</span>]<var>p</var>[<var>mod</var> [<var>relpos</var>] [<var>count</var>]] <var>archive</var> [<var>member</var>...]
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<!-- man end -->
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</pre>
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<p><a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-_0040command_007bar_007d-11"></a>When you use <span class="command">ar</span> in the Unix style, <span class="command">ar</span> insists on at least two
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arguments to execute: one keyletter specifying the <em>operation</em>
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(optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying
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<em>modifiers</em>), and the archive name to act on.
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<p>Most operations can also accept further <var>member</var> arguments,
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specifying particular files to operate on.
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<!-- man begin OPTIONS ar -->
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<p><span class="sc">gnu</span> <span class="command">ar</span> allows you to mix the operation code <var>p</var> and modifier
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flags <var>mod</var> in any order, within the first command-line argument.
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<p>If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a
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dash.
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<p><a name="index-operations-on-archive-12"></a>The <var>p</var> keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be
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any of the following, but you must specify only one of them:
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="samp">d</span><dd><a name="index-deleting-from-archive-13"></a><em>Delete</em> modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
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be deleted as <var>member</var><small class="dots">...</small>; the archive is untouched if you
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specify no files to delete.
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<p>If you specify the <span class="samp">v</span> modifier, <span class="command">ar</span> lists each module
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as it is deleted.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">m</span><dd><a name="index-moving-in-archive-14"></a>Use this operation to <em>move</em> members in an archive.
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<p>The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how
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programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more
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than one member.
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<p>If no modifiers are used with <code>m</code>, any members you name in the
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<var>member</var> arguments are moved to the <em>end</em> of the archive;
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you can use the <span class="samp">a</span>, <span class="samp">b</span>, or <span class="samp">i</span> modifiers to move them to a
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specified place instead.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">p</span><dd><a name="index-printing-from-archive-15"></a><em>Print</em> the specified members of the archive, to the standard
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output file. If the <span class="samp">v</span> modifier is specified, show the member
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name before copying its contents to standard output.
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<p>If you specify no <var>member</var> arguments, all the files in the archive are
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printed.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">q</span><dd><a name="index-quick-append-to-archive-16"></a><em>Quick append</em>; Historically, add the files <var>member</var><small class="dots">...</small> to the end of
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<var>archive</var>, without checking for replacement.
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<p>The modifiers <span class="samp">a</span>, <span class="samp">b</span>, and <span class="samp">i</span> do <em>not</em> affect this
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operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
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<p>The modifier <span class="samp">v</span> makes <span class="command">ar</span> list each file as it is appended.
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<p>Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table
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index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use <span class="samp">ar s</span> or
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<span class="command">ranlib</span> explicitly to update the symbol table index.
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<p>However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the
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index, so <span class="sc">gnu</span> <span class="command">ar</span> implements <span class="samp">q</span> as a synonym for <span class="samp">r</span>.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">r</span><dd><a name="index-replacement-in-archive-17"></a>Insert the files <var>member</var><small class="dots">...</small> into <var>archive</var> (with
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<em>replacement</em>). This operation differs from <span class="samp">q</span> in that any
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previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
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added.
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<p>If one of the files named in <var>member</var><small class="dots">...</small> does not exist, <span class="command">ar</span>
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displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
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of the archive matching that name.
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<p>By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may
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use one of the modifiers <span class="samp">a</span>, <span class="samp">b</span>, or <span class="samp">i</span> to request
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placement relative to some existing member.
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<p>The modifier <span class="samp">v</span> used with this operation elicits a line of
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output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters <span class="samp">a</span> or
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<span class="samp">r</span> to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member
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deleted) or replaced.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">t</span><dd><a name="index-contents-of-archive-18"></a>Display a <em>table</em> listing the contents of <var>archive</var>, or those
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of the files listed in <var>member</var><small class="dots">...</small> that are present in the
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archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
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see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
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request that by also specifying the <span class="samp">v</span> modifier.
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<p>If you do not specify a <var>member</var>, all files in the archive
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are listed.
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<p><a name="index-repeated-names-in-archive-19"></a><a name="index-name-duplication-in-archive-20"></a>If there is more than one file with the same name (say, <span class="samp">fie</span>) in
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an archive (say <span class="samp">b.a</span>), <span class="samp">ar t b.a fie</span> lists only the
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first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
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listing—in our example, <span class="samp">ar t b.a</span>.
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<!-- WRS only; per Gumby, this is implementation-dependent, and in a more -->
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<!-- recent case in fact works the other way. -->
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<br><dt><span class="samp">x</span><dd><a name="index-extract-from-archive-21"></a><em>Extract</em> members (named <var>member</var>) from the archive. You can
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use the <span class="samp">v</span> modifier with this operation, to request that
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<span class="command">ar</span> list each name as it extracts it.
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<p>If you do not specify a <var>member</var>, all files in the archive
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are extracted.
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<p>Files cannot be extracted from a thin archive.
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</dl>
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<p>A number of modifiers (<var>mod</var>) may immediately follow the <var>p</var>
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keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior:
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="samp">a</span><dd><a name="index-relative-placement-in-archive-22"></a>Add new files <em>after</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier <span class="samp">a</span>, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">b</span><dd>Add new files <em>before</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier <span class="samp">b</span>, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification. (same as <span class="samp">i</span>).
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<br><dt><span class="samp">c</span><dd><a name="index-creating-archives-23"></a><em>Create</em> the archive. The specified <var>archive</var> is always
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created if it did not exist, when you request an update. But a warning is
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issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by
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using this modifier.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">f</span><dd>Truncate names in the archive. <span class="sc">gnu</span> <span class="command">ar</span> will normally permit file
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names of any length. This will cause it to create archives which are
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not compatible with the native <span class="command">ar</span> program on some systems. If
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this is a concern, the <span class="samp">f</span> modifier may be used to truncate file
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names when putting them in the archive.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">i</span><dd>Insert new files <em>before</em> an existing member of the
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archive. If you use the modifier <span class="samp">i</span>, the name of an existing archive
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member must be present as the <var>relpos</var> argument, before the
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<var>archive</var> specification. (same as <span class="samp">b</span>).
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<br><dt><span class="samp">l</span><dd>This modifier is accepted but not used.
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<!-- whaffor ar l modifier??? presumably compat; with -->
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<!-- what???-doc@@cygnus.com, 25jan91 -->
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<br><dt><span class="samp">N</span><dd>Uses the <var>count</var> parameter. This is used if there are multiple
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entries in the archive with the same name. Extract or delete instance
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<var>count</var> of the given name from the archive.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">o</span><dd><a name="index-dates-in-archive-24"></a>Preserve the <em>original</em> dates of members when extracting them. If
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you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
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are stamped with the time of extraction.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">P</span><dd>Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. <span class="sc">gnu</span>
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<span class="command">ar</span> can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives
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are not POSIX complaint), but other archive creators can. This option
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will cause <span class="sc">gnu</span> <span class="command">ar</span> to match file names using a complete path
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name, which can be convenient when extracting a single file from an
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archive created by another tool.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">s</span><dd><a name="index-writing-archive-index-25"></a>Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one,
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even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier
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flag either with any operation, or alone. Running <span class="samp">ar s</span> on an
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archive is equivalent to running <span class="samp">ranlib</span> on it.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">S</span><dd><a name="index-not-writing-archive-index-26"></a>Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a
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large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used
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with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the
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<span class="samp">S</span> modifier on the last execution of <span class="samp">ar</span>, or you must run
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<span class="samp">ranlib</span> on the archive.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">T</span><dd><a name="index-creating-thin-archive-27"></a>Make the specified <var>archive</var> a <em>thin</em> archive. If it already
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exists and is a regular archive, the existing members must be present
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in the same directory as <var>archive</var>.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">u</span><dd><a name="index-updating-an-archive-28"></a>Normally, <span class="samp">ar r</span><small class="dots">...</small> inserts all files
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listed into the archive. If you would like to insert <em>only</em> those
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of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
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names, use this modifier. The <span class="samp">u</span> modifier is allowed only for the
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operation <span class="samp">r</span> (replace). In particular, the combination <span class="samp">qu</span> is
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not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed
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advantage from the operation <span class="samp">q</span>.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">v</span><dd>This modifier requests the <em>verbose</em> version of an operation. Many
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operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
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when the modifier <span class="samp">v</span> is appended.
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<br><dt><span class="samp">V</span><dd>This modifier shows the version number of <span class="command">ar</span>.
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</dl>
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<p><span class="command">ar</span> ignores an initial option spelt <span class="samp">-X32_64</span>, for
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compatibility with AIX. The behaviour produced by this option is the
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default for <span class="sc">gnu</span> <span class="command">ar</span>. <span class="command">ar</span> does not support any of the other
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<span class="samp">-X</span> options; in particular, it does not support <span class="option">-X32</span>
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which is the default for AIX <span class="command">ar</span>.
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<!-- man end -->
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