109 lines
5.5 KiB
HTML
109 lines
5.5 KiB
HTML
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Call Graph - GNU gprof</title>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="GNU gprof">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7">
|
|
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
|
|
<link rel="up" href="Output.html#Output" title="Output">
|
|
<link rel="prev" href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile" title="Flat Profile">
|
|
<link rel="next" href="Line_002dby_002dline.html#Line_002dby_002dline" title="Line-by-line">
|
|
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
|
|
<!--
|
|
This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system.
|
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 1988, 92, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
|
|
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
|
|
section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
|
|
|
|
man end-->
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
|
|
<style type="text/css"><!--
|
|
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
|
|
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
|
|
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
|
|
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
|
|
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
|
|
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
|
|
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
|
|
span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; }
|
|
--></style>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div class="node">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a name="Call-Graph"></a>Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Line_002dby_002dline.html#Line_002dby_002dline">Line-by-line</a>,
|
|
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile">Flat Profile</a>,
|
|
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Output.html#Output">Output</a>
|
|
<hr><br>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h3 class="section">5.2 The Call Graph</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p><a name="index-call-graph-2"></a>
|
|
The <dfn>call graph</dfn> shows how much time was spent in each function
|
|
and its children. From this information, you can find functions that,
|
|
while they themselves may not have used much time, called other
|
|
functions that did use unusual amounts of time.
|
|
|
|
<p>Here is a sample call from a small program. This call came from the
|
|
same <code>gprof</code> run as the flat profile example in the previous
|
|
section.
|
|
|
|
<pre class="smallexample"> granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 20.00% of 0.05 seconds
|
|
|
|
index % time self children called name
|
|
<spontaneous>
|
|
[1] 100.0 0.00 0.05 start [1]
|
|
0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2]
|
|
0.00 0.00 1/2 on_exit [28]
|
|
0.00 0.00 1/1 exit [59]
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
0.00 0.05 1/1 start [1]
|
|
[2] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 main [2]
|
|
0.00 0.05 1/1 report [3]
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2]
|
|
[3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3]
|
|
0.00 0.03 8/8 timelocal [6]
|
|
0.00 0.01 1/1 print [9]
|
|
0.00 0.01 9/9 fgets [12]
|
|
0.00 0.00 12/34 strncmp <cycle 1> [40]
|
|
0.00 0.00 8/8 lookup [20]
|
|
0.00 0.00 1/1 fopen [21]
|
|
0.00 0.00 8/8 chewtime [24]
|
|
0.00 0.00 8/16 skipspace [44]
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
[4] 59.8 0.01 0.02 8+472 <cycle 2 as a whole> [4]
|
|
0.01 0.02 244+260 offtime <cycle 2> [7]
|
|
0.00 0.00 236+1 tzset <cycle 2> [26]
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>The lines full of dashes divide this table into <dfn>entries</dfn>, one for each
|
|
function. Each entry has one or more lines.
|
|
|
|
<p>In each entry, the primary line is the one that starts with an index number
|
|
in square brackets. The end of this line says which function the entry is
|
|
for. The preceding lines in the entry describe the callers of this
|
|
function and the following lines describe its subroutines (also called
|
|
<dfn>children</dfn> when we speak of the call graph).
|
|
|
|
<p>The entries are sorted by time spent in the function and its subroutines.
|
|
|
|
<p>The internal profiling function <code>mcount</code> (see <a href="Flat-Profile.html#Flat-Profile">The Flat Profile</a>) is never mentioned in the call graph.
|
|
|
|
<ul class="menu">
|
|
<li><a accesskey="1" href="Primary.html#Primary">Primary</a>: Details of the primary line's contents.
|
|
<li><a accesskey="2" href="Callers.html#Callers">Callers</a>: Details of caller-lines' contents.
|
|
<li><a accesskey="3" href="Subroutines.html#Subroutines">Subroutines</a>: Details of subroutine-lines' contents.
|
|
<li><a accesskey="4" href="Cycles.html#Cycles">Cycles</a>: When there are cycles of recursion,
|
|
such as <code>a</code> calls <code>b</code> calls <code>a</code>...
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</body></html>
|
|
|