import argparse
import gc
import itertools
import math
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Union, List, Tuple, Any

import cv2
import numpy as np

os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '3'
stderr = sys.stderr
sys.stderr = open(os.devnull, 'w')
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.keras.saving.save import load_model
sys.stderr = stderr

from mpire import WorkerPool
from mpire.utils import make_single_arguments


class SbbBinarizer:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.models: List[Tuple[Any, int, int, int]] = []

    def load_model(self, model_dir: Union[str, Path]):
        model_dir = Path(model_dir)
        model_paths = list(model_dir.glob('*.h5')) or list(model_dir.glob('*/'))
        for path in model_paths:
            model = load_model(str(path.absolute()), compile=False)
            height = model.layers[len(model.layers) - 1].output_shape[1]
            width = model.layers[len(model.layers) - 1].output_shape[2]
            classes = model.layers[len(model.layers) - 1].output_shape[3]
            self.models.append((model, height, width, classes))

    def binarize_image_file(self, image_path: Path, save_path: Path):
        if not image_path.exists():
            raise ValueError(f"Image not found: {str(image_path)}")

        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        img = cv2.imread(str(image_path))

        full_image = self.binarize_image(img)

        Path(save_path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        cv2.imwrite(str(save_path), full_image)

    def binarize_image(self, img: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
        img_last = False
        for model, model_height, model_width, _ in self.models:
            img_res = self.binarize_image_by_model(img, model, model_height, model_width)
            img_last = img_last + (img_res == 0)
        img_last = (~img_last).astype(np.uint8) * 255
        return img_last

    def binarize_image_by_model(self, img: np.ndarray, model: Any, model_height: int, model_width: int) -> np.ndarray:
        # Padded images must be multiples of model size
        original_image_height, original_image_width, image_channels = img.shape

        padded_image_height = math.ceil(original_image_height / model_height) * model_height
        padded_image_width = math.ceil(original_image_width / model_width) * model_width
        padded_image = np.zeros((padded_image_height, padded_image_width, image_channels))
        padded_image[0:original_image_height, 0:original_image_width, :] = img[:, :, :]

        image_batch = np.expand_dims(padded_image, 0)  # Create the batch dimension
        patches = tf.image.extract_patches(
            images=image_batch,
            sizes=[1, model_height, model_width, 1],
            strides=[1, model_height, model_width, 1],
            rates=[1, 1, 1, 1],
            padding='SAME'
        )

        number_of_horizontal_patches = patches.shape[1]
        number_of_vertical_patches = patches.shape[2]
        total_number_of_patches = number_of_horizontal_patches * number_of_vertical_patches
        target_shape = (total_number_of_patches, model_height, model_width, image_channels)
        # Squeeze all image patches (n, m, width, height, channels) into a single big batch (b, width, height, channels)
        image_patches = tf.reshape(patches, target_shape)
        # Normalize the image to values between 0.0 - 1.0
        image_patches = image_patches / float(255.0)

        predicted_patches = model.predict(image_patches, verbose=0)
        # We have to manually call garbage collection and clear_session here to avoid memory leaks.
        # Taken from https://medium.com/dive-into-ml-ai/dealing-with-memory-leak-issue-in-keras-model-training-e703907a6501
        gc.collect()
        tf.keras.backend.clear_session()

        # The result is a white-on-black image that needs to be inverted to be displayed as black-on-white image
        # We do this by converting the binary values to a boolean numpy-array and then inverting the values
        black_on_white_patches = np.invert(np.argmax(predicted_patches, axis=3).astype(bool))
        # cv2 can't export a boolean numpy array into a black-and-white PNG image, so we have to convert it to uint8 (grayscale) values
        grayscale_patches = black_on_white_patches.astype(np.uint8) * 255
        full_image_with_padding = self._patches_to_image(
            grayscale_patches,
            padded_image_height,
            padded_image_width,
            model_height,
            model_width
        )
        full_image = full_image_with_padding[0:original_image_height, 0:original_image_width]
        return full_image

    def _patches_to_image(self, patches: np.ndarray, image_height: int, image_width: int, patch_height: int, patch_width: int):
        height = math.ceil(image_height / patch_height) * patch_height
        width = math.ceil(image_width / patch_width) * patch_width

        image_reshaped = np.reshape(
            np.squeeze(patches),
            [height // patch_height, width // patch_width, patch_height, patch_width]
        )
        image_transposed = np.transpose(a=image_reshaped, axes=[0, 2, 1, 3])
        image_resized = np.reshape(image_transposed, [height, width])
        return image_resized


def split_list_into_worker_batches(files: List[Any], number_of_workers: int) -> List[List[Any]]:
    """ Splits any given list into batches for the specified number of workers and returns a list of lists. """
    batches = []
    batch_size = math.ceil(len(files) / number_of_workers)
    batch_start = 0
    for i in range(1, number_of_workers + 1):
        batch_end = i * batch_size
        file_batch_to_delete = files[batch_start: batch_end]
        batches.append(file_batch_to_delete)
        batch_start = batch_end
    return batches


def batch_predict(input_data):
    model_dir, input_images, output_images, worker_number = input_data
    print(f"Setting visible cuda devices to {str(worker_number)}")
    # Each worker thread will be assigned only one of the available GPUs to allow multiprocessing across GPUs
    os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = str(worker_number)

    binarizer = SbbBinarizer()
    binarizer.load_model(model_dir)

    for image_path, output_path in zip(input_images, output_images):
        binarizer.binarize_image(image_path=image_path, save_path=output_path)
        print(f"Binarized {image_path}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('-m', '--model_dir', default="model_2021_03_09", help="Path to the directory where the TF model resides or path to an h5 file.")
    parser.add_argument('-i', '--input-path', required=True)
    parser.add_argument('-o', '--output-path', required=True)
    args = parser.parse_args()

    input_path = Path(args.input_path)
    output_path = Path(args.output_path)
    model_directory = args.model_dir

    if input_path.is_dir():
        print(f"Enumerating all PNG files in {str(input_path)}")
        all_input_images = list(input_path.rglob("*.png"))
        print(f"Filtering images that have already been binarized in {str(output_path)}")
        input_images = [i for i in all_input_images if not (output_path / (i.relative_to(input_path))).exists()]
        output_images = [output_path / (i.relative_to(input_path)) for i in input_images]
        input_images = [i for i in input_images]

        print(f"Starting batch-binarization of {len(input_images)} images")

        number_of_gpus = len(tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU'))
        number_of_workers = max(1, number_of_gpus)
        image_batches = split_list_into_worker_batches(input_images, number_of_workers)
        output_batches = split_list_into_worker_batches(output_images, number_of_workers)

        # Must use spawn to create completely new process that has its own resources to properly multiprocess across GPUs
        with WorkerPool(n_jobs=number_of_workers, start_method='spawn') as pool:
            model_dirs = itertools.repeat(model_directory, len(image_batches))
            input_data = zip(model_dirs, image_batches, output_batches, range(number_of_workers))
            contents = pool.map_unordered(
                batch_predict,
                make_single_arguments(input_data),
                iterable_len=number_of_workers,
                progress_bar=False
            )
    else:
        binarizer = SbbBinarizer()
        binarizer.load_model(model_directory)
        binarizer.binarize_image(image_path=input_path, save_path=output_path)